Difference between revisions of "Forgery"
(Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1583] ==Definitions== *1archaic : invention *2: something forged *3: an...') |
m (Text replacement - "http://" to "https://") |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Forgery.jpg|right|frame]] | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Forgery.jpg|right|frame]] | ||
| − | *[ | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1583] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1archaic : [[invention]] | *1archaic : [[invention]] | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
*3: an act of forging; especially : the [[crime]] of falsely and [[fraudulently]] making or altering a [[document]] (as a check) | *3: an act of forging; especially : the [[crime]] of falsely and [[fraudulently]] making or altering a [[document]] (as a check) | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | '''Forgery''' is the [[process]] of making, [[adapting]], or imitating objects, [[statistics]], or [[documents]] with the intent to [[deceive]]. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misrepresentations. Forging [[money]] or currency is more often called [ | + | '''Forgery''' is the [[process]] of making, [[adapting]], or imitating objects, [[statistics]], or [[documents]] with the intent to [[deceive]]. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misrepresentations. Forging [[money]] or currency is more often called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfeiting counterfeiting]. But consumer goods may also be counterfeits if they are not manufactured or produced by the designated manufacture or producer given on the label or flagged by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark trademark] [[symbol]]. When the object forged is a record or [[document]] it is often called a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_document false document]. |
This usage of "forgery" does not derive from metalwork done at a forge, but it has a [[parallel]] [[history]]. A sense of "to counterfeit" is already in the Anglo-French verb forger, meaning "falsify." | This usage of "forgery" does not derive from metalwork done at a forge, but it has a [[parallel]] [[history]]. A sense of "to counterfeit" is already in the Anglo-French verb forger, meaning "falsify." | ||
| − | A ''forgery'' is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of a ''forgery'' is less [[focused]] on the object itself – what it is [[worth]] or what it "proves" – than on a tacit [[statement]] of criticism that is [[revealed]] by the [[reactions]] the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a [ | + | A ''forgery'' is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of a ''forgery'' is less [[focused]] on the object itself – what it is [[worth]] or what it "proves" – than on a tacit [[statement]] of criticism that is [[revealed]] by the [[reactions]] the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoax hoax]. In a hoax, a [[rumor]] or a genuine object planted in a concocted situation, may substitute for a forged physical object. |
| − | The similar [[crime]] of [[fraud]] is the crime of [[deceiving]] another, including through the use of objects obtained through ''forgery''. Forgery is one of the [[techniques]] of fraud, including [ | + | The similar [[crime]] of [[fraud]] is the crime of [[deceiving]] another, including through the use of objects obtained through ''forgery''. Forgery is one of the [[techniques]] of fraud, including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_theft identity theft]. Forgery is one of the threats addressed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_engineering security engineering]. |
| − | In the 16th century, imitators of [ | + | In the 16th century, imitators of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer Albrecht Dürer]'s style of printmaking improved the [[market]] for their own prints by signing them "AD", making them forgeries. In the 20th century the art market made forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings originally by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso Pablo Picasso], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee Paul Klee], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse Henri Matisse]. |
| − | A special case of double forgery is the forging of [ | + | A special case of double forgery is the forging of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermeer Vermeer]'s paintings by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_van_Meegeren Han van Meegeren], and in its turn the forging of Van Meegeren's work by his son [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_van_Meegeren Jacques van Meegeren].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery] |
[[Category: Law]] | [[Category: Law]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:12, 13 December 2020
Definitions
- 1archaic : invention
- 2: something forged
- 3: an act of forging; especially : the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or altering a document (as a check)
Description
Forgery is the process of making, adapting, or imitating objects, statistics, or documents with the intent to deceive. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misrepresentations. Forging money or currency is more often called counterfeiting. But consumer goods may also be counterfeits if they are not manufactured or produced by the designated manufacture or producer given on the label or flagged by the trademark symbol. When the object forged is a record or document it is often called a false document.
This usage of "forgery" does not derive from metalwork done at a forge, but it has a parallel history. A sense of "to counterfeit" is already in the Anglo-French verb forger, meaning "falsify."
A forgery is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of a forgery is less focused on the object itself – what it is worth or what it "proves" – than on a tacit statement of criticism that is revealed by the reactions the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a hoax. In a hoax, a rumor or a genuine object planted in a concocted situation, may substitute for a forged physical object.
The similar crime of fraud is the crime of deceiving another, including through the use of objects obtained through forgery. Forgery is one of the techniques of fraud, including identity theft. Forgery is one of the threats addressed by security engineering.
In the 16th century, imitators of Albrecht Dürer's style of printmaking improved the market for their own prints by signing them "AD", making them forgeries. In the 20th century the art market made forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings originally by Pablo Picasso, Paul Klee, and Henri Matisse.
A special case of double forgery is the forging of Vermeer's paintings by Han van Meegeren, and in its turn the forging of Van Meegeren's work by his son Jacques van Meegeren.[1]
