Difference between revisions of "Frown"
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==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''frounen'', from Middle French ''frogner'' to snort, frown, of Celtic origin; akin to Welsh ''ffroen'' nostril, Old Irish ''srón'' nose |
| − | *[ | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1: to contract the brow in displeasure or [[concentration]] | *1: to contract the brow in displeasure or [[concentration]] | ||
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A '''frown''' (also known as a ''scowl'') is a facial [[expression]] in which the eyebrows are brought together, and the forehead is wrinkled, usually indicating displeasure, sadness or [[worry]], or less often [[confusion]] or [[concentration]]. The appearance of a frown varies by [[culture]]. Although most technical definitions define it as a wrinkling of the brow, in North America it is primarily [[thought]] of as an [[expression]] of the mouth. In those cases when used [[iconically]], as with an [[emoticon]], it is entirely presented by the curve of the lips forming a down-open curve. The mouth expression is also commonly referred to in the colloquial English phrase "turn that frown upside down" which indicates changing from sad to [[happy]]. | A '''frown''' (also known as a ''scowl'') is a facial [[expression]] in which the eyebrows are brought together, and the forehead is wrinkled, usually indicating displeasure, sadness or [[worry]], or less often [[confusion]] or [[concentration]]. The appearance of a frown varies by [[culture]]. Although most technical definitions define it as a wrinkling of the brow, in North America it is primarily [[thought]] of as an [[expression]] of the mouth. In those cases when used [[iconically]], as with an [[emoticon]], it is entirely presented by the curve of the lips forming a down-open curve. The mouth expression is also commonly referred to in the colloquial English phrase "turn that frown upside down" which indicates changing from sad to [[happy]]. | ||
| − | In [[social]] settings frowns are most frequently used to [[express]] a range of [[negative]] [[emotions]] including [[anger]] and displeasure. However there are social differences that [[dictate]] who is allowed to frown in any given social setting. Socially [[dominant]] [[individuals]] are more likely to frown than those of a lower [[social status]]. Individuals with a high social status are permitted to display their [[emotions]] more freely, while low dominance individuals are [[expected]] to show signs of [[affiliation]]. It is considered more socially acceptable for [[men]] to display [[negative]] [[emotions]] than [[women]]; women also tend to be less likely to frown than men. Unlike smiling, frowns do not appear to be directly socially [[contagious]]; seeing someone frown does not necessarily make you frown. However, in a [[scientific]] study participants that were subliminally [[exposed]] to frowning faces, were more likely to react with a frown when later shown a neutral face. Frowns can also increase counter-[[empathy]] [[reactions]]. When the loser of a [[competition]] frowns it increases [[brain]] responses associated with [[pleasure]] in the winner, which is possibly related to the feeling of [ | + | In [[social]] settings frowns are most frequently used to [[express]] a range of [[negative]] [[emotions]] including [[anger]] and displeasure. However there are social differences that [[dictate]] who is allowed to frown in any given social setting. Socially [[dominant]] [[individuals]] are more likely to frown than those of a lower [[social status]]. Individuals with a high social status are permitted to display their [[emotions]] more freely, while low dominance individuals are [[expected]] to show signs of [[affiliation]]. It is considered more socially acceptable for [[men]] to display [[negative]] [[emotions]] than [[women]]; women also tend to be less likely to frown than men. Unlike smiling, frowns do not appear to be directly socially [[contagious]]; seeing someone frown does not necessarily make you frown. However, in a [[scientific]] study participants that were subliminally [[exposed]] to frowning faces, were more likely to react with a frown when later shown a neutral face. Frowns can also increase counter-[[empathy]] [[reactions]]. When the loser of a [[competition]] frowns it increases [[brain]] responses associated with [[pleasure]] in the winner, which is possibly related to the feeling of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schadenfreude schadenfreude] experienced when [[witnessing]] the misfortune of others. Frowns also contribute to impressions formed even during brief encounters with other [[individuals]]. When shown a 30-second video clip (without audio) of a frowning college professor, students tend to rate the professor poorly on [[evaluations]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frown] |
[[Category: Physiology]] | [[Category: Physiology]] | ||
[[Category: Psychology]] | [[Category: Psychology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:56, 12 December 2020
Origin
Middle English frounen, from Middle French frogner to snort, frown, of Celtic origin; akin to Welsh ffroen nostril, Old Irish srón nose
Definitions
- 1: to contract the brow in displeasure or concentration
- 2: to give evidence of displeasure or disapproval by or as if by facial expression <critics frown on the idea>
Description
A frown (also known as a scowl) is a facial expression in which the eyebrows are brought together, and the forehead is wrinkled, usually indicating displeasure, sadness or worry, or less often confusion or concentration. The appearance of a frown varies by culture. Although most technical definitions define it as a wrinkling of the brow, in North America it is primarily thought of as an expression of the mouth. In those cases when used iconically, as with an emoticon, it is entirely presented by the curve of the lips forming a down-open curve. The mouth expression is also commonly referred to in the colloquial English phrase "turn that frown upside down" which indicates changing from sad to happy.
In social settings frowns are most frequently used to express a range of negative emotions including anger and displeasure. However there are social differences that dictate who is allowed to frown in any given social setting. Socially dominant individuals are more likely to frown than those of a lower social status. Individuals with a high social status are permitted to display their emotions more freely, while low dominance individuals are expected to show signs of affiliation. It is considered more socially acceptable for men to display negative emotions than women; women also tend to be less likely to frown than men. Unlike smiling, frowns do not appear to be directly socially contagious; seeing someone frown does not necessarily make you frown. However, in a scientific study participants that were subliminally exposed to frowning faces, were more likely to react with a frown when later shown a neutral face. Frowns can also increase counter-empathy reactions. When the loser of a competition frowns it increases brain responses associated with pleasure in the winner, which is possibly related to the feeling of schadenfreude experienced when witnessing the misfortune of others. Frowns also contribute to impressions formed even during brief encounters with other individuals. When shown a 30-second video clip (without audio) of a frowning college professor, students tend to rate the professor poorly on evaluations.[1]
