Difference between revisions of "Paraphrase"
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==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
Middle French, from [[Latin]] ''paraphrasis'', from [[Greek]], from ''paraphrazein'' to paraphrase, from ''para''- + ''phrazein'' to [[point]] out | Middle French, from [[Latin]] ''paraphrasis'', from [[Greek]], from ''paraphrazein'' to paraphrase, from ''para''- + ''phrazein'' to [[point]] out | ||
| − | *[ | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1548] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1: a restatement of a [[text]], passage, or [[work]] giving the [[meaning]] in another form | *1: a restatement of a [[text]], passage, or [[work]] giving the [[meaning]] in another form | ||
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'''Paraphrase''' is restatement of a [[text]] or passages, using other [[words]]. The term "paraphrase" derives via the [[Latin]] "paraphrasis" from the [[Greek]] <<παράφραση>>, meaning "additional [[manner]] of [[expression]]". The [[act]] of paraphrasing is also called "paraphrasis." | '''Paraphrase''' is restatement of a [[text]] or passages, using other [[words]]. The term "paraphrase" derives via the [[Latin]] "paraphrasis" from the [[Greek]] <<παράφραση>>, meaning "additional [[manner]] of [[expression]]". The [[act]] of paraphrasing is also called "paraphrasis." | ||
| − | A paraphrase typically [[explains]] or [[clarifies]] the [[text]] that is being paraphrased. For example, "The signal was red" might be paraphrased as "The train was not allowed to proceed." When accompanying the original [[statement]], a paraphrase is usually introduced with a ''[ | + | A paraphrase typically [[explains]] or [[clarifies]] the [[text]] that is being paraphrased. For example, "The signal was red" might be paraphrased as "The train was not allowed to proceed." When accompanying the original [[statement]], a paraphrase is usually introduced with a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbum_dicendi verbum dicendi]'' — a declaratory [[expression]] to signal the [[transition]] to the paraphrase. For example, in "The signal was red, that is, the train was not allowed to proceed," the "that is" [[signals]] the paraphrase that follows. |
A paraphrase does not need to accompany a direct [[quotation]], but when this is so, the paraphrase typically serves to put the [[source]]'s [[statement]] into [[perspective]] or to [[clarify]] the [[context]] in which it appeared. A paraphrase is typically more detailed than a [[summary]]. One should add the [[source]] at the end of the sentence, for example: When the light was red trains could not go (Wikipedia). | A paraphrase does not need to accompany a direct [[quotation]], but when this is so, the paraphrase typically serves to put the [[source]]'s [[statement]] into [[perspective]] or to [[clarify]] the [[context]] in which it appeared. A paraphrase is typically more detailed than a [[summary]]. One should add the [[source]] at the end of the sentence, for example: When the light was red trains could not go (Wikipedia). | ||
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Paraphrase may attempt to [[preserve]] the essential [[meaning]] of the material being paraphrased. Thus, the ([[intentional]] or otherwise) reinterpretation of a [[source]] to infer a [[meaning]] that is not explicitly evident in the source itself qualifies as "original [[research]]," and not as paraphrase. | Paraphrase may attempt to [[preserve]] the essential [[meaning]] of the material being paraphrased. Thus, the ([[intentional]] or otherwise) reinterpretation of a [[source]] to infer a [[meaning]] that is not explicitly evident in the source itself qualifies as "original [[research]]," and not as paraphrase. | ||
| − | Unlike a [ | + | Unlike a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphrase metaphrase], which [[represents]] a "formal equivalent" of the [[source]], a paraphrase represents a "[[dynamic]] equivalent" thereof. While a metaphrase attempts to [[translate]] a [[text]] [[literally]], a paraphrase conveys the [[essential]] [[thought]] expressed in a source text — if necessary, at the [[expense]] of literality. For details, see "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_and_formal_equivalence Dynamic and formal equivalence]." |
The term is applied to the [[genre]] of Biblical paraphrases, which were the most widely [[circulated]] versions of the [[Bible]] available in medieval Europe. Here, the [[purpose]] was not to render an exact rendition of the [[meaning]] or the complete [[text]], but to present material from the [[Bible]] in a version that was theologically [[orthodox]] and not subject to [[heretical]] [[interpretation]], or, in most cases, to take from the Bible and present to a wide [[public]] material that was interesting, entertaining and [[spiritually]] [[meaningful]], or, simply to abridge the [[text]]. | The term is applied to the [[genre]] of Biblical paraphrases, which were the most widely [[circulated]] versions of the [[Bible]] available in medieval Europe. Here, the [[purpose]] was not to render an exact rendition of the [[meaning]] or the complete [[text]], but to present material from the [[Bible]] in a version that was theologically [[orthodox]] and not subject to [[heretical]] [[interpretation]], or, in most cases, to take from the Bible and present to a wide [[public]] material that was interesting, entertaining and [[spiritually]] [[meaningful]], or, simply to abridge the [[text]]. | ||
[[Category: Languages and Literature]] | [[Category: Languages and Literature]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:32, 13 December 2020
Origin
Middle French, from Latin paraphrasis, from Greek, from paraphrazein to paraphrase, from para- + phrazein to point out
Definitions
- 1: a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form
- 2: the use or process of paraphrasing in studying or teaching composition
Description
Paraphrase is restatement of a text or passages, using other words. The term "paraphrase" derives via the Latin "paraphrasis" from the Greek <<παράφραση>>, meaning "additional manner of expression". The act of paraphrasing is also called "paraphrasis."
A paraphrase typically explains or clarifies the text that is being paraphrased. For example, "The signal was red" might be paraphrased as "The train was not allowed to proceed." When accompanying the original statement, a paraphrase is usually introduced with a verbum dicendi — a declaratory expression to signal the transition to the paraphrase. For example, in "The signal was red, that is, the train was not allowed to proceed," the "that is" signals the paraphrase that follows.
A paraphrase does not need to accompany a direct quotation, but when this is so, the paraphrase typically serves to put the source's statement into perspective or to clarify the context in which it appeared. A paraphrase is typically more detailed than a summary. One should add the source at the end of the sentence, for example: When the light was red trains could not go (Wikipedia).
Paraphrase may attempt to preserve the essential meaning of the material being paraphrased. Thus, the (intentional or otherwise) reinterpretation of a source to infer a meaning that is not explicitly evident in the source itself qualifies as "original research," and not as paraphrase.
Unlike a metaphrase, which represents a "formal equivalent" of the source, a paraphrase represents a "dynamic equivalent" thereof. While a metaphrase attempts to translate a text literally, a paraphrase conveys the essential thought expressed in a source text — if necessary, at the expense of literality. For details, see "Dynamic and formal equivalence."
The term is applied to the genre of Biblical paraphrases, which were the most widely circulated versions of the Bible available in medieval Europe. Here, the purpose was not to render an exact rendition of the meaning or the complete text, but to present material from the Bible in a version that was theologically orthodox and not subject to heretical interpretation, or, in most cases, to take from the Bible and present to a wide public material that was interesting, entertaining and spiritually meaningful, or, simply to abridge the text.
