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  • ...hilosophy]] and an [[analysis]] of the historical [[context]] in which the theory was developed, including critical response. [[Category: Philosophy]]
    754 bytes (101 words) - 02:03, 13 December 2020
  • ...ry; Public Goods, Private Goods; and History and Illusion in Politics. Two of his books, Politik und Gluck and Outside Ethics are forthcoming. [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ARaymond+Geuss&qt=hot_author List of Guess' titles]
    744 bytes (115 words) - 01:50, 13 December 2020
  • ...l science also studies [[power]] in international relations and the theory of Great powers and Superpowers. <center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''Politics''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=
    2 KB (222 words) - 22:47, 12 December 2020
  • ...hilosophy process philosophy], which indicates a metaphysical [[doctrine]] of [[theology]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becoming_%28philosophy%29] <center>For lesson on the related [[topic]] of '''''[[Manifestation]]''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.p
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  • ...ld to lay the groundwork for these fields, and thus to be similar to value theory and meta-ethics. The term was first used in the early 20th century by Paul ...s://www.jstor.org/pss/2105883 Samuel L. Hart. Axiology--Theory of Values]. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research.
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  • *1a : a political theory that absolute [[power]] should be vested in one or more rulers *2: advocacy of a rule by absolute [[standards]] or principles
    2 KB (318 words) - 23:38, 12 December 2020
  • *2: a theory denying that an event or object has a supernatural significance; specifical ...ific observation of life without idealization and often including elements of determinism
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  • *1: concern for [[fact]] or [[reality]] and [[rejection]] of the impractical and [[visionary]] ...that objects of sense [[perception]] or [[cognition]] exist independently of the [[mind]] — [[compare]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalism nomi
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  • ...ence|nothing]], although an alternative view considers "nothing" a part of everything. <center>For lessons on "'''''everything'''''", follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Topi
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  • ...that law.[2] In natural law jurisprudence, on the other hand, the content of positive law cannot be known without some [[reference]] to the natural law ...i/Common_law common law],[3] and have featured greatly in the philosophies of [[Thomas Aquinas]], Francisco Suárez, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richa
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  • *1 a : the [[agreement]] of [[things]] with one another ...in which each member of one set is [[associated]] with one or more members of the other — compare [[function]]
    3 KB (443 words) - 23:42, 12 December 2020
  • [[Raymond Guess]], Reader in Philosophy, University of Cambridge [[Quentin Skinner]], Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge
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  • ...an of training and [[culture]] who cares little for the ordinary pleasures of sense. ...o grasp a situation. (the word as a synonym for "news" is journalese) In [[philosophy]] the "intellect" is contrasted with the senses and the will; it sifts and
    2 KB (315 words) - 00:16, 13 December 2020
  • *1. Present participle of mean. ...mbolic value of something. b. The significance of a thing, as "the meaning of life"
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  • ...00-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from past participle of passen to pass ...sually formed by internal vowel [[change]] (as in sang) or by the addition of a suffix (as in laughed)
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  • ...ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Academic New Academics] Carneades and Philo of Larissa. Among the Romans, Cicero was thoroughly eclectic, as he united the *2: composed of elements drawn from various [[sources]]; also : heterogeneous
    2 KB (304 words) - 23:57, 12 December 2020
  • ...i, i.e. "to be, I am", and -λογία, -logia, i.e. "[[science]], [[study]], [[theory]]".[4][5] ...3%B6ckel Rudolf Göckel] (Goclenius); see classical compounds for this type of word formation.
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  • Probably < French assimilation, < [[Latin]] assimilātiōn-em, n. of [[action]] < assimilāre to assimilate v.; but it may have been taken direc *1a : an [[act]], [[process]], or instance of assimilating
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  • ...ted in other fields, such as in the structural functionalist [[sociology]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcott_Parsons Talcott Parsons] and Niklas ...bniz Leibniz] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa Nicholas of Cusa's] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Docta_Ignorantia coincidentia opp
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  • *1: the [[act]] of permitting *3: A [[license]] or [[freedom]] to do something; the granting of such [[freedom]]; (Publishing) an authorization given to a publisher to quo
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  • ...gmatic_school Dogmatic school]), preferring to rely on the [[observation]] of [[phenomena]]. ...[[practice]] founded on [[experience]] without the aid of [[science]] or [[theory]]
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  • ...ishness, heroism), and this is the basis of the modern use as the opposite of ‘[[abstract]]’ The noun sense ‘[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concret *3: (of a noun) denoting a material object as opposed to an [[abstract]] [[quality]
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  • ...[philosophy]]. In short, political philosophy is the activity, as with all philosophy, whereby the [[conceptual]] apparatus behind such concepts as aforementione ...n Eric Voegelin] and Judith Shklar—encouraged continued study in political philosophy in the Anglo-American world, but in the 1950s and 1960s they and their stud
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  • ...] and a [[theory]] of knowledge possible, as it was thought that a science of something in [[becoming]] was an impossible feat to achieve. ...conceptual bridge to [[facilitate]] [[discussions]] among [[religion]], [[philosophy]], and [[science]].
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  • ...tructure]]; '''''the structure and agency debate''''' concerning the level of [[reflexivity]] that agent may possess. ...ee will]], the philosophical doctrine that our choices are not the product of causal chains, but are significantly free or undetermined. Human agency ent
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  • ...mnipresent; [[infinite]] presence; ''ubiquity''; spec. as an [[attribute]] of [[God]]. <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Omnipresence''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?ti
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  • ...in scanning, and artificial intelligence — with contributions from a range of specialists. In all, there are over 300 contributors from the world's leadi
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  • ...The complexity of the behavior of an organism is related to the complexity of its nervous system. Generally, organisms with complex nervous systems have ...ng not directed at other people and thus is the most basic human [[Action (philosophy)|action]]. Animal behavior is studied in [[comparative psychology]], [[etho
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  • ...t, background or settings which determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of [[Context]], follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Categor
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  • ...n]]; Middle French, from Latin conjectura, from conjectus, past participle of conicere, [[literally]], to throw [[together]], from com- + jacere to thro *1 obsolete a : [[interpretation]] of [[omen]]s
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  • ...osophy|analytic]] and [[continental philosophy|continental]] traditions in philosophy for centuries, from [[Leibniz]] through [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[G.W.F. He ...ce, but nothing else, but we can never know the world from the “standpoint of nowhere” and therefore we can never know the world in its entirety, neith
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  • ...] [[reality]] of a [[dream]]; also : unbelievable, fantastic <surreal sums of [[money]]> ...arly 1920s, and is best known for the [[visual]] artworks and [[writings]] of the [[group]] members.
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  • ...y-minded than Plato or Socrates and is famous for rejecting Plato’s theory of forms. ...e into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. Some of these classifications are still used today.
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  • ...bility of [[capitalism]] with alienation (a common theme of the early work of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl Marx Karl Marx]. <center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''Isolation''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title
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  • ...h the [[language]]s, [[literature]], [[history]], [[art]], and all aspects of the ancient [[Mediterranean]] world. The study of the Universe integrating [[science]], [[philosophy]], and [[religion]].
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  • ...f the European philosophical [[tradition]] is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato." ...; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts.
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  • ...] and even dispute across academic [[disciplines]] as to the proper usages of the term. What follows is an attempt to describe how the term is used, not ...ure]] or discourse is a [[reference]] to a scientific or empirically-based theory.
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  • ...tion of expensive and sensitive equipment. Phenomena make up the raw data of [[science]], and are often exploited by [[technology]]. == Kant's use of ''phenomenon'' ==
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  • ...a._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], the early sense of being '[[intermediary]]'. ...are means to other ends; this is relevant when considering the [[meaning]] of [[life]].
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  • ...ent of a [[sentence]]. Unlike [[perception]]s, which are particular images of individual objects, concepts cannot be visualized. Because they are not the <center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''[[Thought]]''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?tit
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  • ...granted, and serves as a starting point for deducing and inferring other (theory dependent) truths. ...Unlike theorems, axioms (unless redundant) cannot be derived by principles of [[deduction]], nor are they demonstrable by mathematical [[proof]]s, simply
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  • ...he basis of science and philosophy, presenting the intellectual foundation of religion.” ([[56:10|UB 56:10:10]]) ...many spiritual ideologies clash with one another and lack a genuine force of conviction demonstrates that they do not testify for the whole truth.
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  • ..."Doctor Communis", and "Doctor Universalis". "Aquinas" is from the county of Aquino, an area his family held land in until 1137. He was born in [https:/ ...more, Thomas is distinguished for his eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the Church's liturgy.[8]
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  • ...mediate apprehension of an object by the [[mind]] without the intervention of any reasoning process" ...on, it has been the subject of study in [[psychology]], as well as a topic of interest in the [[supernatural]].
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  • ...to constitute a functional unit with properties not derivable by summation of its [[parts]] ...other than the sum of the parts".[2] Gestalt theory allows for the breakup of elements from the whole situation into what it really is.
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  • *1. a. Consciousness of one's perceived states. ...ively through the medium of one's own mind or individuality; the condition of being dominated by or absorbed in one's personal feelings, thoughts, concer
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  • ...erminism of [[evolution]] [[concept]] is also complemented by the [[idea]] of a creative [[impulse]] in [[human being]]s, known as [https://en.wikipedia. ...[[ultimate]] distinction between [[mental]] and [[physical]] reality). All of them can be [[considered]] to be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleology t
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  • fr. Old English ''freond'' "one attached to another by [[feelings]] of personal regard and preference *1 : the state of [[being]] friends they have a long-standing ''friendship''
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  • ...From 2008 he will be Professor in the Humanities at Queen Mary, University of London. ...Cambridge, where he has been ever since. He is now also an Honorary Fellow of Caius.
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  • ...alism] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy postmodern philosophy]. ...Derrida was said to "leave behind a legacy of himself as the 'originator' of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deconstruction deconstruction]."
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  • ...tion of another object, cause, or [[agency]] : direct <the immediate cause of death> :b : present to the [[mind]] independently of other [[states]] or factors <immediate awareness> c : involving or derived
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  • ...y. In short, it is the recognition that the same traits appear in entities of many different sizes, from one man to the entire human population. Macrocosm/microcosm is a [[Greek language|Greek]] compound of &#x03bc;&#x03b1;&#x03ba;&#x03c1;&#x03bf;- "Macro-" and &#x03bc;&#x03b9;&#x
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  • ...tion]] retrieval system) to retrieve material that [[satisfies]] the needs of the user ...died in [[epistemology]] (the theory of [[knowledge]]). Different theories of knowledge have different implications for what is considered relevant and t
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  • ...e [[context]]. Philosophers and scientists are interested in facts because of their relation to [[truth]]. <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Fact''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cate
    4 KB (673 words) - 00:35, 13 December 2020
  • ...ct concepts (usually linked to the idea of "without end") which arise in [[philosophy]], [[mathematics]], and [[theology]]. ...e so large that they cannot be proven to exist in the ordinary mathematics of [[ZFC|Zermelo-Fraenkel plus Choice]] (ZFC).[[Russell's paradox]], [[non-sta
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  • ...especially : [[formal]] acknowledgment of the [[political]] [[existence]] of a [[government]] or nation *3 : the sensing and encoding of printed or written [[data]] by a [[machine]] <optical character recognition
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  • ...alis''), study of the Universe has a long history involving [[science]], [[philosophy]], [[esotericism]], and [[religion]]. ...lative [[end of the universe|ends]], cosmologists propose that the history of the Universe has been governed entirely by [[physical laws]].
    7 KB (1,100 words) - 23:43, 12 December 2020
  • ...[mathematics]] as the logical framework for formulation and quantification of principles. ...[[thermodynamics]], and the [[quantum mechanics|quantum mechanical]] model of atomic and subatomic physics.
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  • ...se attributed to C. Wolff "[[Dogmatism]]..with [[reference]] to the number of [[fundamental]] principles,..becomes [[Dualism]] or '''''Monism''''' [Ger. *1a : a view that there is only one kind of [[ultimate]] substance
    5 KB (669 words) - 01:24, 13 December 2020
  • ..., and logical problems, '''20th-century philosophy''' was set for a series of attempts variously to reform, preserve, alter, abolish, previously conceive ...tive linguistics]], rich [[literature|literary]] output, and the emergence of the [[Film|motion picture]] as an art form greatly enriched philosophical s
    9 KB (1,278 words) - 23:41, 12 December 2020
  • ...nt among [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science philosophers of science] and among commentators in the [[scientific]] [[community]] about w ...ility requirement or substantially deviates from other fundamental aspects of the [[scientific method]].
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  • ...ture]], could be considered as universal. The 1948 [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] is inspired by such principles. ...rious domains of application, relativism does not necessarily apply to all of them.
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  • ...ern and Western schools] of [[Hebrew]] thought, [[Jerusalem]] and the rest of the [[Occident]] and the [[Levant]] in general adopted the Western Jewish o ...[Paul, the Apostle|Paul]]'s Christian [[cult]] toward [[the West]] instead of toward [[the East]].
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  • ...[[Eastern philosophy|Eastern or Oriental philosophies]] and the varieties of indigenous philosophies. ...versal]] [[knowledge]] claims in [[mathematics]], [[astronomy]], [[natural philosophy]], [[music]], and many other subjects as indicated by [[Plato]]'s and [[Ari
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  • ...[Ancient Philosophy]], one in [[Medieval Philosophy]], and one in [[Modern Philosophy]]. ...non-material self-consciousness that is outside of the world. Philosophies of [[immanence]] such as [[stoicism]], [[Spinoza]], [[Deleuze]] or ''[[panthei
    8 KB (1,134 words) - 02:41, 13 December 2020
  • ...:Maslows_hierarchy_of_needs.jpg|right|frame|<center>[[Maslow]]'s Hierarchy of Needs</center>]] ...ries of such items so arranged. Items in a hierarchy are typically thought of as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another. (Oxford E
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  • ...ddle French reduction, redduction, redduccion, French réduction [[action]] of coming closer, coming [[together]] (c1290 in Old French as redution), resto ...na]] in terms of the [[laws]] of [[physics]] and [[chemistry]]; also : a [[theory]] or [[doctrine]] that complete reductionism is possible
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  • ...w.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521559676 Cambridge Ency. of Language]</center><center>by [[David Crystal]]</center>]] ...]] is a related branch of linguistics concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds ([[phone]]s), non-speech sounds, and how they are produced an
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  • '''Rationality''' as a term is related to the idea of reason, a word which following Webster's may be derived as much from older <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Rationality''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?tit
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  • ...ting]] wholes (as of living [[organisms]]) that are more than the mere sum of elementary [[particles]] ...oles and that their functioning cannot be fully understood solely in terms of their component parts.
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  • *1 a : [[concentration]] on [[spiritual]] [[things]] as a [[form]] of [[private]] [[devotion]] :b : a [[state]] of [[mystical]] [[awareness]] of [[God]]'s [[being]]
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  • ...ommensuratus, from [[Latin]] com- + Late Latin mensuratus, past participle of mensurare to [[measure]], from Latin mensura ...]] or extent : coextensive <lived a life commensurate with the early years of the [[republic]]>
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  • ...], in which the various impressions received were reduced to the [[unity]] of a common [[consciousness]]. Obs. ...h or insane.) Formerly also in pl., in phr. besides his common senses: out of his senses or wits, ‘beside himself’.
    8 KB (1,218 words) - 22:11, 12 December 2020
  • ...to be used in contemporary [[theoretical]] writing in [[psychology]] and [[philosophy]]. ...a.org/wiki/Psychosis psychosis], does not result in disturbance of the use of [[language]], and is accompanied by various [[physical]], [[physiological]]
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  • *2: taking the [[ego]] as the starting point in [[philosophy]] ...from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget Jean Piaget]'s 1951 theory of [[cognitive]] development. ''Egocentrism'' refers to an inability to differ
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  • ...fter copulation) and fertilize its own eggs from that store after a period of time, essentially making it appear as though fertilization occurred without ...tors]]. For instance, in times of hardship for a population such as a lack of [[food]], juvenile and eventually adult fecundity has been shown to decreas
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  • ...ding texts, most of which are informed by various strands of [[Continental philosophy]]. ==Literary theory and literature==
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  • ...ld. When put into [[practice]], these views are meant to explain our views of the [[good]]. ...o say that "Mary is a morally good person" might involve a different sense of "good" than that in the sentence "A banana split is good."
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  • *1. [[Relative]] darkness or [[light]]ness of a [[color]]; "I establish the colors and principal values by organizing the *5. The amount (of [[money]] or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent
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  • ...[[fact]] of evolution, the path of evolution, and the theory or mechanism of evolution. ==The fact of evolution==
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  • ...y]] and a proponent of [[9/11 conspiracy theories]] that implicate members of the United States government in the attacks.[https://www.washingtonpost.com ...ioning the [[George W. Bush administration|Bush Administration]]'s account of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]].
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  • ...he likelihood of [[potential]] [[events]] and the underlying [[mechanics]] of [[complex]] [[systems]]. <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Probability''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?tit
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  • *1: a [[union]] or [[group]] of [[three]] : [[trinity]] ...of a root with its third and fifth and constituting the [[harmonic]] basis of tonal [[music]]
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  • '''Retributive''' [[justice]] is a [[theory]] of justice that considers that [[punishment]], if [[proportionate]], is a [[mo ...ct]] this [[value]] in the world's [[cultures]]. However, the [[judgment]] of whether a punishment is appropriately severe can vary greatly between cultu
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  • ...nal binary opposition, a meaning that is preserved in general applications of metaphysical and philosophical [[discourse]]. <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Duality''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=C
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  • ...reek]] [[culture]], putting [[representative]] [[government]] in the place of government by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortition#Ancient_Athens lot]. ...ttle for either [[art]] or [[religion]], but he was unusually [[tolerant]] of both.
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  • ...enship" is the philosophy that citizens should work towards the betterment of their [[community]] through economic participation, public service, [[volun <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Citizenship''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?tit
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  • ...https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz Gottfried Leibniz] for the invention of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus calculus]. ...ientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over the earlier system of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes Descartes].
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  • ...nt among [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science philosophers of science] and among commentators in the scientific [[community]] about wheth ...ility requirement or substantially deviates from other fundamental aspects of the [[scientific method]].[3][14][15][16][17][18]
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  • It would be helpful in the [[study]] of '''selfhood''' to remember: In all [[concepts]] of selfhood it should be recognized that the [[fact]] of life comes first, its evaluation or [[interpretation]] later. The [[human]]
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  • ...to become unique, or undergoes stages through which differentiated facets of a person's life tend toward becoming a more indivisible whole. ==Theory of developmental stages==
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  • The [[quality]] or [[character]] of being '''objective'''; (in later use) esp. the ability to consider or repre ...than created. While such formulations capture the basic [[intuitive]] idea of objectivity, neither is without controversy.
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  • ...s in philosophy be accounted for historically? What drives the development of thought in its historical context? To what degree can philosophical texts ...es arrived at through observation), and even through [[leap of faith|leaps of faith]], hope and inheritance (such as the [[supernatural|supernaturalist]]
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  • ...[continuum]]" ([[Sanskrit]]: saṃtāna) of [[awareness]]. There are a number of terms in the Buddhist literature that may well be rendered "mindstream". Th ...]. However, what we call the mental and the material occurs in a [[unity]] of organization. [[Organization]] is something [[dynamic]]."
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  • ...in]] plausibilis [[worthy]] of [[applause]], from plausus, past participle of plaudere *3: [[appearing]] [[worthy]] of [[belief]] <the [[argument]] was both powerful and plausible>
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  • ...scribe]] an adherent of a position disagreeing with or opposing the object of criticism. ...egularly [[judge]] or interpret performances or other works (such as those of artists, scientists, musicians, or actors), and typically publish their obs
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  • ...[[individual]]ly and grouped into sign [[system]]s. It includes the study of how [[meaning]] is constructed and understood. ...by the [[Vienna Circle]] and presented in their International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, in which the [[author]]s agreed on breaking the field, whi
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  • ...ustify the ways of [[God]] to men’. from F. théodicée, the title of a work of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz Leibniz] (1710), f. Gr. - ...odices''' ever framed by [[human]] ingenuity, before and since the attempt of the celebrated Leibnitz.
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  • 112:2.1 It would be helpful in the [[study]] of [[selfhood]] to remember: ...[[concepts]] of [[selfhood]] it should be [[recognized]] that the [[fact]] of life comes first, its [[evaluation]] or [[interpretation]] later. The [[hum
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  • ...nuum rather than as separate entities. A [[spectrum]] in [[physics]] (e.g. of light) is often termed either a 'continuous spectrum' (energy at all wavele In contrast, the [[quantum theory]] includes [[quanta]], which are distinguished from continuous amounts.
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