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  • ==Superseded scientific theories== ...oscientific or [[fringe]] science theories with limited [[support]] in the scientific community, nor does it describe theories that were never widely [[accepted]
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  • ...odology, lacks supporting [[evidence]] or plausibility, or otherwise lacks scientific [[status]]. The term comes from the [[Greek]] prefix pseudo- (false or pret ...osophy_of_science philosophers of science] and among commentators in the [[scientific]] [[community]] about whether there is a reliable objective way to distingu
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  • ...://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credibility#cite_note-4 Prominence-Interpretation Theory].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credibility] ...edia.org/wiki/Peer_review peer review] and then publication as part of the scientific literature. Other approaches include the [[collaborative]] assessment of a
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  • ...r object has a supernatural significance; specifically : the doctrine that scientific laws are adequate to account for all phenomena ...literature; specifically : a theory or practice in literature emphasizing scientific observation of life without idealization and often including elements of de
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  • ...mal usage, a scientific ''hypothesis'' is not the same as a scientific ''[[theory]]''. A Hypothesis is never to be stated as a question, but always as a stat ...of a theory or occasionally may grow to become a theory itself. Normally, scientific hypotheses have the form of a [[mathematical model]]. Sometimes, but not a
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  • ...and Government Printing Office Depository Access to Reports, Technical and Scientific (DARTS) pilot. ...(7%), Natural Resources and Earth Sciences (6%), Computers and Information Theory (5%), Behavior and Society (7%), includes psychology, education, law and s
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  • ...[[practice]] founded on [[experience]] without the aid of [[science]] or [[theory]] *3: a [[theory]] that all [[knowledge]] originates in [[experience]]
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  • ...iences. This is because in [[theory]] a fringe science will still maintain scientific rigor, plausibility, and [[integrity]], though it is usually highly dispute ...nately, the objective of some debunkers is debunking, not encouraging real scientific objectivity. For this [[purpose]], disparaging terms are often useful. They
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  • ...methodologies, focused on patronage, taste, theory, and criticism, and the scientific examination of [[material]]s and techniques. Critical appreciation and [[fa
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  • The term '''theory''' has two broad sets of [[meanings]], one used in the empirical [[The Scie ...ure]] or discourse is a [[reference]] to a scientific or empirically-based theory.
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  • ...to the [[scientific method]]. A standard system of units facilitates this. Scientific systems of units are a refinement of the [[concept]] of weights and measure ...ied in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychometrics psychometrics] and the theory of conjoint measurement.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units_of_measurement
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  • ...hat marked the beginning of [[the universe]] according to the ''big bang'' theory ...escribes the early [[development]] of [[the Universe]]. According to the [[theory]], the Big Bang occurred approximately [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planc
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  • ...ngaged in the study of the general properties of systems include [[systems theory]], systems science, systemics and systems engineering. They investigate the # Kenneth D. Bailey (1994). Sociology and the New Systems Theory: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis. New York: State of New York Press.
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  • ...] as other than a purely [[psychological]] process by the [[mainstream]] [[scientific]] community because no replicable [[demonstration]], "on demand", has ever Scientific [[investigation]] of extrasensory perception (ESP) is [[complicated]] by th
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  • ...ics]], and the theoretical branches of [[computer science]], [[information theory]], and [[statistics]]. ...ense a [[science]]. The specialization restricting the meaning to modern ''scientific method'' is of later date.
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  • ...nd the Higgs field. It is the energy of the vacuum, which in quantum field theory is defined not as empty space but as the ground state of the fields. In cos ...rgy-based power generation systems are considered [[pseudoscience]] by the scientific community at large and [[skeptics]] usually dismiss efforts to harness zero
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  • ...in_Laszlo Ervin Laszlo]'s 2004 Science and the Akashic Field - an Integral Theory of Everything. ...in Water. These theories do not, however, have the support of the general scientific community and are typically considered [[pseudoscience]] views.
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  • :b : a [[theory]] that objects of sense [[perception]] or [[cognition]] exist independently *3: the [[theory]] or practice of [[fidelity]] in [[art]] and [[literature]] to [[nature]] o
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  • ...time]], the [[idea]] of interpersonal compatibility is [[analyzed]] in non-scientific fields (see e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrological_compatibility ...dia.org/wiki/Antoni_K%C4%99pi%C5%84ski Antoni Kępiński]. However, socionic theory is somewhat [[controversial]] because of a lack of experimental data (altho
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  • '''Linguistics''' is the [[scientific method|scientific]] study of [[language]], encompassing a number of sub-fields. An important ...language]] and the biological constraints on this acquisition. Generative theory is [[Language module|modularist]] in character. While this remains the domi
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  • ...pplied science''' is a [[discipline]] of [[science]] that applies existing scientific [[knowledge]] to develop more [[practical]] [[applications]], such as [[tec ...can also apply formal science, such as [[statistics]] and [[probability]] theory, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology epidemiology]. [https://
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  • ...r [[celestial]] objects when they are sufficiently similar to Earth. The [[theory]] builds on the older [[concepts]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contin
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  • ...investigated further, the conclusions are tested as well, as part of the [[scientific method]]. Descriptive statistics and analysis of the new data tend to provi ...hich it is often grouped. The [[difference]] is, roughly, that probability theory starts from the given [[parameters]] of a total population to deduce probab
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  • ...ipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoastronomy archaeoastronomy], and numerous different scientific techniques have been developed to aid archaeological investigation. Nonethe ..."scientific" and "anthropological", with [[hypothesis]] testing and the [[scientific method]] very important parts of what became known as processual archaeolog
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  • ...ginated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_theory evolutionary theory] as an alternative (but less [[accurate]]) way of describing the [[mechanis ...nctioned cut-throat economic [[competition]]" and led to the advent of the theory of "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Darwinism social Darwinism]" whic
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  • [[Knowledge]] of 'observable' [[phenomena]] based on the [[scientific method]]. The scientific study of matter at the [[atom]]ic and [[molecule|molecular]] scale
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  • ...fundamental questions regarding the nature, methods, scope and validity of scientific reasoning. ...an objective and verifiable observation; in contrast with a conjecture or theory, which is intended to explain or interpret facts.
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  • ...3][4] lacks supporting [[evidence]] or plausibility,[5] or otherwise lacks scientific [[status]].[6] The term comes from the Greek prefix pseudo- (false or prete ...ilosophy_of_science philosophers of science] and among commentators in the scientific [[community]] about whether there is a reliable [[objective]] way to distin
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  • ...the Law's claims are impossible, violating [[scientific]] principles and a scientific [[understanding]] of the [[universe]]. [3] Others have questioned the references to modern scientific theory, and have maintained, for example, that the Law of Attraction misrepresents
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  • ...ted]] or proposed as a demonstrable [[truth]] often as a part of a general theory : proposition <the theorem that the best defense is offense> ...ndamentally [[deductive]], in [[contrast]] to the notion of a scientific [[theory]], which is [[empirical]].
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  • ...s which would allow physicists to [[confirm]] this cornerstone of modern [[theory]].
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  • ...e as a whole; in other words, in the understanding of the universe through scientific observation and experiment. This discipline, which focuses on the universe ...s. In particular, the [[geocentric]] [[Ptolemaic system]] was the accepted theory to explain the motion of the heavens until [[Nicolaus Copernicus]], and sub
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  • ...until later, we find it foreshadowed as early as 1895 in "A Project for a Scientific Psychology" ([[Freud]], 1950a), in which [[Freud]] accords major importance ...sition]]-[[complementarity]] nevertheless plays an important role in the [[theory]] that the [[sexual]] [[instincts]] are connected to the self-preservation
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  • ...re is strong [[quantitative]] [[support]], by a [[formal]] test" for the [[theory]] that all living [[organisms]] on [[Earth]] are descended from a common an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Charles Darwin] proposed the [[theory]] of universal common descent through an [[evolutionary]] [[process]] in [h
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  • ...arwin Charles Darwin]'s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Evolution Theory of Evolution]. [[Evolution]] meant that [[mankind]]'s [[development]] was n ...r circumstances might change and suit a more adapted species. Degeneration theory presented a pessimistic outlook for the [[future]] of [https://en.wikipedia
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  • ...irically-minded than Plato or Socrates and is famous for rejecting Plato’s theory of forms. Aristotle’s emphasis on good reasoning combined with his [[belief]] in the [[scientific method]] forms the backdrop for most of his work. For example, in his work
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  • ...ientific matters of our world and the [[universe]]. Research can use the [[scientific method]], but need not do so. ...ble organisations and by [[private]] [[groups]], including many companies. Scientific research can be subdivided into different classifications according to thei
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  • ...thematics]] the [[concept]] has been given an exact meaning in probability theory, that is used extensively in such areas of study as mathematics, [[statisti The scientific [[study]] of probability is a modern [[development]]. Gambling shows that t
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  • *"[[Scientific theory]] is a contrived foothold in the [[chaos]] of living phenomena." - [[Wilhel
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  • The theory of evidence is a field wrought with dispute. Many of these disputes stem fr ...he natural world, or which are created as [[experiment]]s in a laboratory. Scientific evidence usually goes towards supporting or rejecting a [[hypothesis]].
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  • ...c method]] to study [[nature]] from the [[social sciences]], which use the scientific method to study human behavior and society, and from the [[formal science]] ...ds of biology. By contrast, [[soft science]] is often used to describe the scientific fields that are more reliant on qualitiative research, including the social
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  • ...exicology] and terminology are two [[different]] fields of [[study]]. In [[theory]], general dictionaries are supposed to be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S ...iption_and_description prescriptive or descriptive], the latter being in [[theory]] largely based on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_corpus linguis
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  • ...edings that resulted sought to bridge a gap existing at the time between [[theory]] in [[ecology]] and [[population]] [[biology]] on the one hand and conserv ...odiversity biodiversity] [[crisis]] based on [[morals]], [[ethics]], and [[scientific]] [[reason]]. [[Organizations]] and [[citizens]] are responding to the biod
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  • ..._Fresnel Fresnel] combined Newton's particle [[theory]] with Huygen's wave theory to show that color is the visible [[manifestation]] of [[light]]'s [[wavele ...introduced during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_revolution scientific revolution]. The results of this [[experiment]] dramatically [[transformed]
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  • ...rgo, as well as to more abstract entities such as mathematical structures, scientific [[law]]s, and [[symbol]]ic and conceptual systems, including [[myth]]ology ...mogeneity and isotropy). By that time, [[Albert Einstein]]'s (1879–1955) [[Theory of Relativity]] had engendered the notion of relativistic invariance, the k
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  • ...hod]] is built on testing assertions which are [[logic]]al consequences of scientific theories. This is done through repeatable [[experiment]]s or observational ...ckly and easily confirmed or falsified (see predictive [[power]]). In many scientific fields, desirable theories are those which predict a large number of events
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  • *2: the scientific [[analysis]] of a social [[institution]] as a functioning whole and as it r ...ple in general. It is a social science involving the application of social theory and [[research]] methods to the study of the [[social]] [[life|live]]s of [
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  • ...phy of science], fecundity refers to the [[ability]] of a [[scientific]] [[theory]] to open new lines of theoretical [[inquiry]].
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  • ...se alternatives, however, has garnered equally widespread support in the [[scientific]] [[community]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_gravity]
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  • ...ientific experiments, the outcome validates or invalidates the fundamental theory. The researcher has to go back to his test tubes and revisit his calculatio
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  • ...ing" (see under [[Ivan Pavlov]] led to the rise of Operant Conditioning, a theory advocated by [[B.F. Skinner]], which took over the academic establishment u
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  • ...allenges in implementing computations. For example, [[programming language theory]] studies approaches to describing computations, while [[computer programmi * [[Scientific computing]] enabled advanced study of the mind and mapping the human genome
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  • ...pedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics cybernetic] principles. A more "[[mainstream]]" scientific presentation of this same [[idea]] is provided by [https://en.wikipedia.org ==Integral theory==
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  • *1: a [[theory]] that the [[universe]] and especially living [[nature]] is correctly seen ...used as a catchword. This contributed to the resistance encountered by the scientific interpretation of holism, which insists that there are [https://en.wikipedi
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  • ...Sociological_Association American Sociological Association] have found any scientific merit in such [[theories]].
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  • ...ence fiction]] and horror by the [[expectation]] that it steers clear of [[scientific]] and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap ...eval studies). [[Work]] in this area ranges widely, from the structuralist theory of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzvetan_Todorov Tzvetan Todorov], which e
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  • ==The scientific virtues== ...he truth-conducive tools of [[thought]] used by objective thinkers are the scientific [[virtue]]s. When formulating a hypothesis to explain a particular fact, ma
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  • ...not essential. This classical ontology is what made [[knowledge]] and a [[theory]] of knowledge possible, as it was thought that a science of something in [ ...g]]" and the "physics of [[becoming]]". Process philosophy covers not just scientific [[intuitions]] and [[experiences]], but can be used as a conceptual bridge
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  • ...e Goethe] in his ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Colours_(book) Theory of Colors]'' and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer Schopen ...[rainbow]] of [[colors]] in visible light when separated using a prism. As scientific understanding of light advanced, it came to apply to the entire [https://en
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  • ...r theories have been proposed. By the mid-19th century, the [[accepted]] [[theory]] was that lightning produced a [[vacuum]]. In the 20th century a [[consens
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  • ...in the condition described. Consequently the proper object of unqualified scientific knowledge is something which cannot be other than it is.|[[Aristotle]]|''[[ ...fulfilled; that in order to count as knowledge, a [[statement]] must be [[theory of justification|justified]], [[truth|true]], and [[belief|believed]]. Some
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  • ...ies. Even fiction that depicts innovations ruled out by current scientific theory, such as stories about or based on [[faster-than-light]] travel, are still
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  • ...nary defines this usage as "a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and t ==Scientific paradigm==
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  • ...e most influential [[scientists]] of all time and as a key figure in the [[scientific revolution]]. His book ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_Na ...on also built the first practical reflecting [[telescope]] and developed a theory of [[color]] based on the observation that a prism decomposes white [[light
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  • ...al skeptic. However, Descartes was not himself a skeptic and developed his theory of an absolute certainty to disprove other skeptics who argued that there i ==Scientific skepticism==
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  • Within the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_religion social scientific study of religion], the [[problem]] of '''plausibility''' usually revolves ...social [[change]]. [[Researchers]] also have applied the [[concept]] to [[theory]] construction regarding [[conversion]] and defection [[dynamics]] as well
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  • *"[[Scientific theory]] is a contrived foothold in the [[chaos]] of living phenomena." - [[Wilhel
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  • ...w this change occurred. The study of human [[evolution]] encompasses many scientific disciplines, most notably physical [[anthropology]], [[linguistics]] and [[ ...arwin wrote on the subject. Nevertheless, the implications of evolutionary theory were clear to contemporary readers (On the Origin of Species, [https://darw
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  • ...article on orb photos. A mathematical framework is given using holography theory. * [https://www.theorbzone.com/ The Orb Zone: Orbs Explained] Presenting the [[scientific]] [[evidence]] and accessible explanations for the orb [[phenomena]].
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  • ...871 [[book]] ''Primitive Culture'', in which he defined it as being "the [[theory]] of the [[universal]] animation of [[nature]]". ...e natural world as being innately alive. Being a self-described "confirmed scientific [[rationalist]]", he himself however believed that such a view was "childis
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  • ...to differentiate it from [[applied science]], which is the application of scientific research to specific human needs. ..."science" is generally limited to [[empirical]] study involving use of the scientific method.<ref>See, e.g. [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/science]. The firs
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  • .... Quantum Mechanics is a [[mathematical]] description of reality, like any scientific [[model]]. Some of its predictions and implications go against our "common ...uid at temperatures near absolute zero) is one well-known example. Quantum theory also provides accurate descriptions for many previously unexplained [[pheno
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  • ...or may be a corporation as well an individual''. One key issue in literary theory is the relationship between the meaning of some literary text and instituti In [[literary theory]], the author function is the [[writer]] of a work as seen by the [[reader]
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  • ...clusive and integrated view of geologic events has developed, changing the scientific consensus to accept some catastrophic events in the geologic past. ...been discovered since then, explaining why the flood story was "stated in scientific methods with surprising frequency among the Greeks", an example being Pluta
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  • ...tinction between the [[fact]] of evolution, the path of evolution, and the theory or mechanism of evolution. ...igin of Species (1859), the groundbreaking work in which he introduced his theory. Darwin was not the first to argue for the fact of evolution, but by marsha
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  • ...it in a sector. Contemplation is the [[Latin]] [[translation]] of Greek '[[theory]]' (theoria). In a [[religious]] sense it is usually a [[type]] of [[prayer ...org/wiki/Gnosiology gnosiology]). Within the realm of Eastern Christianity theory is [[faith]] and one at first cultivates the [[virtues]] as an [[expression
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  • ...to differentiate it from [[applied science]], which is the application of scientific research to specific human needs. ..."science" is generally limited to [[empirical]] study involving use of the scientific method. See, e.g. [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/science]. The first us
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  • The possibility of many universes raises various scientific and philosophical questions. ...a parallel universe within the multiverse. According to [[Max Tegmark]], (Scientific American, 2003, May, Parallel Universes) the existence of other universes i
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  • ...wiki/Andrey_Kolmogorov Andrey Kolmogorov] proposed the first statistical [[theory]] of turbulence, based on the aforementioned notion of the energy cascade ( ===Original scientific research papers===
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  • ...oped into the disciplines of the natural sciences over the course of the [[scientific revolution]]. Today, philosophical questions are usually explicitly disting ...Subdisciplines include [[meta-ethics]], [[value (ethics)|value theory]], [[theory of conduct]], and [[applied ethics]].
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  • ...and [[matter]], and his [[General Theory of Relativity]] was the first new theory of [[gravity|gravitation]] since [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_newto ...paper on Brownian motion, and in June his celebrated essay on the special theory of relativity, which was followed in September by his derivation of the fam
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  • ...morally]] better to be left out of the [[equation]] altogether, and this [[theory]] is included within the following quote (author unknown): "The best advice ...port the results (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_publishing scientific publishing]). Client and consultant combine their expertise and, through di
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  • ...eveloped an interest in Hegelianism, French socialism and British Economic Theory. He transformed the three into an essential work of economics called [[Das ...young group of German Philosophers formed the [[Vienna Circle]] to promote scientific thought over Hegelian system-building, which they saw as a bad influence on
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  • According to this theory, the phenomenon manifests itself as a control mechanism, whose function app ...rmine society's belief in established [[authority]], both governmental and scientific, which ridicules the [[phenomena]] and those who believe in it.
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  • ...sis for psychosomatic medicine. Particularly, the umwelt concept and the [[theory]] of [[organism]] by Jakob von Uexküll has been found useful as an approac ...c Medicine in [[practice]] and there exist large areas of overlap in the [[scientific]] [[research]].
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  • *5. [[Literary Theory|Lit. Criticism]]. spec. in the use of I. A. Richards, ‘the non-overt impu ...b. and Comb., as attitude measurement, [[research]], scale, study, test, [[theory]]; attitude-taking vbl. n.
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  • ...luding [[art]], [[music]], [[film]], theatre or [[drama]], restaurant, and scientific publication critics. Critical theory
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  • .... Four unifying principles form the foundation of modern biology: [[cell theory]], [[evolution]], [[genetics]] and [[homeostasis]]. *[[Cell theory]]. All living organisms are made of at least one cell, the basic unit of f
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  • ...rg/wiki/Psycholinguistics psycholinguistics] at Nijmegen, Netherlands. The theory has also gained attention through the work of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wik ...sciplines that are governed with generative systems and rationalistic in [[scientific method]].
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  • ...eans] also looked upon the [[stars]] as the cause of [[suffering]]. This [[theory]] of [[disease]] as a consequence of [[divine]] wrath is still prevalent am ...esult of [[natural]] [[causes]]. Slowly and certainly the unfolding of a [[scientific]] era is destroying man's age-old [[theories]] of sickness and [[death]]. F
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  • * Barkan, Elazar (1992), The Retreat of Scientific Racism : Changing Concepts of Race in Britain and the United States between ...Republic, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. (18th century US racial theory)
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  • ...tory systems. Cybernetics is closely related to control theory and systems theory. Both in its [[origin]]s and in its [[evolution]] in the second-half of the ...plinary study connecting the fields of control systems, electrical network theory, mechanical engineering, [[logic]] modeling, evolutionary [[biology]], neur
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  • ...(and the study of [[structure]] as revealed by science). The adoption of a scientific outlook and [[attitude]] of continual adjustment by the [[individual]] towa
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  • ...il the [[Renaissance]], when mathematical innovations interacting with new scientific discoveries led to a rapid increase in the [[rate]] of mathematical discove ...such as [[statistics]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game theory]. Mathematicians also engage in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_mathema
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  • ...niverse in which the past and future may exist alongside the present. Some scientific theories of consciousness such as [[space-time theories of consciousness]] ...MAP AGE] Since the discovery of the Big Bang scientists who agree to this theory consider time to have moved in a uni-direction forward direction. In this m
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  • ...odels of the military to be major obstacles. As they had not mastered game theory models they simply were not heard. Interestingly, the [[peer]] review process in most scientific journals does not use a consensus based process. Referees submit their opin
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  • American psychologist [[Henry Murray]] (1893–1988) developed a theory of [[personality]] that was organized in terms of motives, presses, and nee ...ccess is rendered highly problematical by the essential [[fact]] that real scientific results can be achieved only by data recorded in connection with a perfectl
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  • ...well, and a small number of reports of anti-gravity-like effects in the [[scientific]] [[literature]]. As of 2007 none of them are widely accepted by the physic # Peskin, M and Schroeder, D. ;An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Westview Press, 1995) [ISBN 0-201-50397-2]
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  • ...d the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories regarding the Great Pyramid's construction techni ...osits that [[slaves]] were forced to work until the pyramid was done. This theory is no longer accepted in the modern era, however. Egyptologists believe tha
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  • ...m]] solving and is [[contrasted]] with an approach using [[insight]] and [[theory]]. ...des with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget Piaget]'s well-known [[theory]] of developmental stages. After all, it is part of Piagetian doctrine that
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  • ...century, initially within a partisan controversy around [[Isaac Newton]]'s theory of color (''Opticks'', 1704) and the nature of so-called [[primary color]]s ...sical world. This has led to a number of inaccuracies in traditional color theory principles that are not always remedied in modern formulations.
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  • In several scientific fields, "complexity" has a specific meaning : *In computational complexity theory, the amounts of resources required for the execution of algorithms is studi
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  • ...asters forced a more comprehensive [[foresight]]. The [[Scientific Method|scientific]] approach to risk entered [[finance]] in the 1980s when financial derivati Thus, in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_theory statistical decision theory], the risk [[function]] of an estimator δ(x) for a parameter θ, calculate
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  • mirrors which is that of modernist theory and practice’ (141)3 have tantalising resonances with our primary [[creation]] which is the grappling with observation and [[theory]] is kept at a safe distance. In
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  • 1:2.4 The [[existence]] of God can never be [[proved]] by [[scientific]] [[experiment]] or by the pure [[reason]] of [[logical]] [[deduction]]. Go 1:2.6 In [[theory]] you may [[think]] of God as the [[Creator]], and he is the personal creat
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  • In the theory of exterior noise mitigation, reflective surface size mildly detracts from ...ed in detail by [[Richard Feynman]] in his popular book ''QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter''.
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  • ...humans]] and the [[universe]] by combining, among other things, [[science|scientific]] and [[spirituality|spiritual]] insights. ...s given a further definition, being made synonymous with Wilber's [[AQAL]] theory [https://aqaljournal.integralinstitute.org/public/Pdf/AQAL_Glossary_01-27-0
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  • The generally accepted scientific [[theory]] which describes the origin and [[evolution]] of the universe is [[Big Ban
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  • ...hough again, light is not ordinarily considered matter. Unfortunately, for scientific purposes, "matter" is somewhat loosely defined. It is normally defined as a ...5/2,...,etc.) and thus, by the spin-statistics theorem of [[quantum field theory]], obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which forbids two fermions from occu
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  • ...h was sighted as the result of the movement of the rays from the eye. This theory was championed by scholars like [[Euclid]] and [[Ptolemy]] and their follow ...se on what really vision is, but [[light]] did not play any role in this [[theory]] and it remained only a speculation lacking any [[experiment]]al foundatio
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  • ...asing advance. The idea of eternal progress is in opposition to the cyclic theory of eternal return or eternal recurrence, which implies that with a [[finite ...reans]] with having had a potential for leading to the [[foundation]] of a theory of Progress through their [[materialistic]] acceptance of the atomism of De
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  • Intuitions are customarily appealed to independently of any particular [[theory]] of how intuitions provide evidence for claims, and there are divergent ac * [https://www.intuition-sciences.com/introduction A scientific research group on intuition]
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  • ...on''' and '''gravity''' are mostly interchangeable in everyday use, but in scientific usage a distinction may be made. "Gravitation" is a general term describing == History of gravitational theory ==
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  • ...by all folklorists). As an [[academic discipline]], it refers both to a [[Scientific method|method]] and the objects studied by the method. ...is summarized from the overlapping prefaces to the following volumes: The Theory of Oral Composition: History and Methodology, (Indiana University Press, 19
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  • ...logy (from Greek: ἦθος, ethos, "[[character]]"; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of [[Behavior|'''''animal behavior''''']], and a branch of [[zoology] ...y much more complex than it looks. When biologists interested in evolution theory first started examining social behaviour, some apparently unanswerable ques
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  • Often also ''magnetic'' phases are used as the basis of a theory, and for introductory motivation. However, usually these are similar to the ...4</sup>-Theories'', [https://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/4733.html World Scientific (Singapore, 2001)]; Paperback ISBN 9810246595'' (readable online [https://
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  • ..., [[rhetoric]], [[history]], [[interpretation]] of authors, and [[critical theory|critical traditions]] associated with a given language. ...[[historical linguistics]]," philology was one of the 19th century's first scientific approaches to human language but gave way to the modern science of [[lingui
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  • ...According to [[Occam's razor]], all other things being equal, the simplest theory is the most likely to be true. In the [[context]] of human lifestyle, simpl ...at she does nothing in vain, and the like" (Galileo 1962, p. 397). Nor are scientific advocates of simplicity principles restricted to the ranks of physicists an
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  • ...ed [[disease]]. The red men were especially [[devoted]] to the [[plant]] [[theory]] of universal remedies; they always put a drop of blood in the [[root]] ho ...rehension]] and rejoice in the [[illumination]] and [[enlightenment]] of [[scientific]] [[research]].
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  • ...t here represents a "third way." I will state in advance that my while my theory is fully humanistic and phenomenological, it by no means repudiates the pos In the [[materialism|materialistic]] scientific [[model]], matter and energy are the two exclusive building blocks of every
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  • ...umanities]] in that the social sciences tend to emphasize the use of the [[scientific method]] in the study of humanity, including [[quantitative method|quantita ...proach. Conversely, the interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary nature of scientific inquiry into human behavior and social and environmental factors affecting
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  • ...pseudoscience [8] due to the lack of replicable results, and of a positive theory that explains the outcomes of experiments.[9][10][11] ...orts of apparently successful tests were met with much skepticism from the scientific community. Later, in the 1930s, [[J. B. Rhine]] expanded the study of paran
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  • ...[[literature]] encompasses a rich tradition of poetry and drama as well as scientific, technical, Hindu philosophical and Hindu religious [[text]]s. Today, Sansk ...west some time during the early second millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship of the Indo-Iranian tongues with the Baltic
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  • ...development; it is what makes it possible for higher psychical activities, scientific, [[artistic]] or [[ideological]], to play such an important part in civilis In Freud's [[psychoanalytical]] [[theory]], [[erotic]] energy is allowed a limited amount of [[expression]], owing t
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  • ...e more ancient practices, such as weather forecasting, have benefited from scientific and causal [[Mathematical modeling|modelling]. ...AAAAMAAJ Space, time and gravitation; an outline of the general relativity theory]. Cambridge: University Press. Page 107.
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  • == Scientific reasoning == ...tical of confirmation bias, lent his scientific credibility to support the theory, coauthoring a paper with Jung on the subject. Some of the evidence that Pa
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  • ...c philosopher Karl Popper's assertion that falsifiability was the basis of scientific knowledge: ...m up all this by saying that the ''criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability''."[https://cla.calp
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  • ...aim that those who are devoted without question to the [[Scientific method|scientific worldview]] sometimes approach it as uncritically as most scientists see re ...ban on teaching [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Darwin]'s [[theory]] of [[evolution]]. Although this [[event]] provided a forum for one of the
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  • ...not match the prevailing model. Eventually the anomalies defy the orthodox theory and create a conundrum. How is it possible for things to be both this and n
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  • ...than the innumerable individual [[frame of reference|worldview]]s. Much of scientific exploration, experimentation, interpretation and [[analysis]] is done on th In ethics, [[Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought|political theory]], and the [[The Arts|arts]], reality is often contrasted with what is "[[i
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  • ...cture, [[Alfred Korzybski]] is probably best-remembered for developing the theory of [[general semantics]].
    7 KB (1,155 words) - 23:44, 19 May 2009
  • ...ences. The object of the commission was to indicate a direction for social scientific [[inquiry]] for the next 50 years. In 2000 he joined the Yale Sociology dep ==Theory==
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  • ...to be the veridical type, typically counterintuitive outcomes of economic theory. In [[literature]] a paradox can be any contradictory or obviously untrue s ...ntradiction, was instrumental in the development of modern logic and [[set theory]].
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  • ...o formal ways to define each note and octave, the Helmholtz system and the Scientific pitch notation.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Note]
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  • ...e]] over the [[negative]], [[truth]] over [[error]], [[experience]] over [[theory]], [[spiritual]] [[realities]] over the [[isolated]] [[facts]] of [[time an ...the [[concept]] of [[truth]] alongside the [[observation]] of [[fact]]. [[Scientific]] [[materialism]] has gone [[bankrupt]] when it [[persists]], in the face o
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  • ...f material interactions; therefore, [[matter]] is the only substance. As a theory, materialism belongs to the class of [[Monist|monist]] ontology. As such, i ==Scientific Materialists==
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  • ...eve in science for science’s sake…he believed that he was also advancing a theory that would…be a useful tool…[in] effecting a revolutionary upheaval of ...meaning]] that he [[thought]] of his study of society as dispassionate and scientific. He was deeply interested in the problem of what held complex modern societ
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  • ...psychology]]. Transpersonal psychology attempts to unify modern psychology theory with frameworks from different forms of [[mysticism]]. These vary greatly d ...ology the "spiritual". While parapsychology leans more towards traditional scientific epistemology (laboratory experiments, statistics, research on cognitive sta
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  • ...nsider the behaviour not to be essential to the emotion. The [[James-Lange theory]] posits that emotional experience is largely due to the experience of bod ...modern version of such theories comes from William James in the 1880s. The theory lost favour in the 20th Century, but has regained popularity more recently
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  • '''Neuroscience''' is the [[scientific]] [[study]] of the [[nervous system]]. [[Traditionally]], neuroscience has ...ogression of seizures through the [[body]]. Wernicke further developed the theory of the specialization of specific brain structures in language comprehensio
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  • ...classical certainties thought to be overthrown, and new social, economic, scientific, ethical, and logical problems, '''20th-century philosophy''' was set for a ...nobe/rorty.html] An interview with Rorty] Davidson, D., 1986, "A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge," Truth And Interpretation, Perspectives on the Phil
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  • ...trends. Traditionally, history has been studied with some practical or [[theory|theoretical]] aim, but now it is also studied simply out of intellectual cu ...n.Btitle=Unwrapping+the+Sacred+Bundle][https://pzacad.pitzer.edu/%7Edsegal/theory/yanasegal.pdf Introduction available online]. Reviewed by [https://www.anth
    19 KB (2,778 words) - 00:09, 13 December 2020
  • ...question of how a pattern emerges is accomplished through the work of the scientific field of [[pattern formation]]. Theory of Computation attempts to grasp the patterns that appear within the [[logi
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  • ...and earlier. Aristotle regarded quantity as a fundamental ontological and scientific category. In Aristotle's [[ontology]], quantity or [[quantum]] was classifi In his [[Euclid's_Elements|Elements]], [[Euclid]] developed the theory of ratios of magnitudes without studying the nature of magnitudes, as Archi
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  • == Ideology and Semiotic Theory == ...in Cognitive Science, Linguistics, Philosophy, Post-Modernism and Critical Theory ==
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  • ...[natural philosophy]]"; the term "science" itself meant "knowledge". The [[scientific method]], however, made natural philosophy an [[empirical]] and [[experimen ..., thus making them part of [[physics]] proper (cf. [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[Theory of Relativity]]).
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  • ...story, possibly even causing its failure (See [[Battle of Lade]]). Another theory explains the birth of philosophical debate in Athens with the presence of a ...ical problems. Some central ideas of Plato's dialogues are the [[The Forms|Theory of Forms]], i.e., that the mind is imbued with an innate capacity to unders
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  • ...in the universe, and to grow in knowledge thereby. Such is your so-called "scientific method". And humanity has always engaged in myth making and story telling.
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  • '''Scientific method''' is a body of techniques for investigating [[phenomenon|phenomena] [https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/scientific%20method scientific method], ''[[Merriam-Webster|Merriam-Webster Dictionary]]''.
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  • ...the normal curves of every measurable human characteristic, one will in [[theory]] perceive a syndrome straddled by "the average man" and flanked by persons ...randomness of this natural ability in the [[population]] as a whole, in [[theory]].
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  • ..._Sociological_Association American Sociological Association] have found no scientific [[Value|merit]] in them.[2] ...]] and of [[scientific]] [[communities]] that there exists no scientific [[theory]], generally accepted and based upon methodologically sound [[research]], t
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  • ...ity is fruitful and is served by [[reason]], which, in [[Scientific Method|scientific investigation]], leads to the progressive subsumption of more and more clas * [https://www.gurusoftware.com/GuruNet/Creation/Involution.htm Theory of Creation - the Involution] (2006)
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  • ...Cyclic view is temporal, then emanation is a non-temporal precursor to the theory of spiritual evolution. ..." (mineral, vegetable, animal, human).[4] Schumacher rejects modernist and scientific themes, his approach recalling the [[universal]]ist orientation of writers
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  • ...prehensive understanding of humans and the universe by combining [[science|scientific]] and [[spirituality|spiritual]] insights. According to the [[Integral Tran ...t revision ("Wilber-IV") of his own philosophy, which he called [[Integral theory]]. He also established the [[Integral Institute]] as a think-tank for furt
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  • ...ilosopher [[Michel Foucault]] (1926-1984) and [[Jürgen Habermas]]' ''[[The Theory of Communicative Action]]'' (''Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns''). Each ...tural buildings [''aménagements architecturaux''], reglementary decisions, scientific statements, philosophical, moral, philanthropic propositions, in one word:
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  • Whilst scientific reflection upon the natural world is a fundamental aspect of process though ...arnessing the illuminating power of scientific reason. However, once these scientific and mathematical principles had been objectified they could encompass all o
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  • ...ive religious believers hold that in the absence of a plausible scientific theory, the best explanation for these events is that they were performed by a [[s Fundamentally, no philosopher sticking to the scientific [[world view]] could explain the [[existence]] or not of miracles, since mi
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  • ...uestions (especially the Incarnation) raised in the wake of the Copernican theory, this [[revelation]] has resulted in no change of doctrine to any of the wo ...s on other planets throughout the universe. Unless, that is, there is some scientific basis for it.
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  • ...ineering]]. His formulation has two notable features: 1) He assumed that [[scientific]] experts would be qualified and justified in designing curricula based on *Kelly, A.V. (1989) The Curriculum: theory and practice 3rd Ed
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  • ...rganic]] causes and aspects of disease. [[Discoveries]] such as the [[germ theory]] of disease and the [[existence]] of entities such as [[virus]]es and [[ba
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  • ...ip with information science. LIS should not be confused with [[information theory]], the mathematical study of the [[concept]] of information, or [[informati ==Theory and practice==
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  • # Bruce, Robert: Auric Mechanics and Theory, "Capturing the Aura," pp 301-303. Blue Dolphin Publishing, 2000. # Bruce, Robert: Auric Mechanics and Theory, "Capturing the Aura," pp 293-296. Blue Dolphin Publishing, 2000.
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  • ...ood, began with the twentieth century development of [[Albert Einstein]]'s theory of [[general relativity]] and better [[astronomy|astronomical]] observation ...ological theory, which most cosmologists now accept as the basis for their theory and observations. Vanishingly few researchers still advocate any of a handf
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  • ...s://www.debunker.com/texts/jensen.html Jensen, A. (1982). The debunking of scientific fossils and straw persons]</ref> He further replied that making conclusions ...t in origin, though it should be noted that [[Louis Thurstone]] proposed a theory of multiple "primary abilities" in the early 20th Century.
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  • ...ed for concrete purposes, such as jury trials, execution of criminals, and scientific [[symposia]], are loaded with purely [[symbols|symbolic]] actions prescribe ...g anthropologists, and other ethnographers, who have contributed to ritual theory are [[Victor Turner]], Ronald Grimes, [[Mary Douglas]], and the [[Biogeneti
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  • ...perspective in social theory comes from the classic Foundations of Social Theory by James S. Coleman. Coleman offers a four-part definition: * In the context of [[Information theory]] Ed Gerck defines and contrasts trust with social functions such as [https
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  • ...diverse]] emotions and [[behaviors]], which makes it difficult to form a [[scientific]] definition of jealousy. Scientists still do not have a [[universally]] ag ...viors. These themes form the [[essential]] [[meaning]] of jealousy in most scientific studies.
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  • ==Scientific Opinion== # Tucker, Jim B. (2005). Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children's Memories of Previous Lives, p.186.
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  • ...[[consciousness]] and mental representations was banished from respectable scientific discussion. Especially in North America, behaviorism dominated the psycholo ...from diverse directions are therefore crucial for cognitive science to be scientific.
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  • In the basic premise that your earth is similar to a scientific laboratory where rats are observed as they run through mazes and the result ...mpirical studies of this phenomenon yield conclusions on which the current theory and practice are based:
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  • '''"New Science of String Theory"''' : How It Acts in Accordance with the Ten Principles of Consciously Crea ...se both your mind and your senses to hear what is said. We start with the scientific world. The beauty of your scientist lies in his ability to deduce, to pond
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  • ...ests]] of any age who oppose general [[education]] and attempt to thwart [[scientific]] [[progress]]. ==90:3. THE SHAMANIC THEORY OF DISEASE AND DEATH==
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  • Physics, he stated, was attempting to formulate a theory Einstein's theory of relativity. His point was that a UFO
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  • ...pplied to conceptions without [[foundation]] in, or in contravention of, [[scientific]] and [[logical]] [[knowledge]].[4] Skinner's theory regarding superstition being the [[nature]] of the pigeons' behaviour has b
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  • ...cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century. He showed that the bodies were acceler With the development of [[quantum field theory]] and [[general relativity]] it was realized that “force” is a redundan
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  • ...org/pss/285410 Putting Stress in Life: Hans Selye and the Making of Stress Theory] ...l hypotheses. By the 1990s, "stress" had become an integral part of modern scientific understanding in all areas of physiology and human functioning, and one of
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  • *Society for the Scientific Study of Religion ...vigilant against those who would use purportedly expert testimony lacking scientific and methodological rigor."
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  • ...ich'', p. 7. London: Phaidon Press</ref> Works of art criticism and of art theory frequently have been the pivots upon which the understanding of art history ...comparable style, or sanctioning an entire style or movement; and ''[[art theory]]'', which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art, and is more rel
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  • ...ity]], but the existence of the paranormal is not widely accepted by the [[scientific]] community. ...to appreciate the base rate of [[chance]] occurrences. For example, in a [[scientific]] [[experiment]] of clairvoyance, a purported clairvoyant participant will
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  • ...ry Jenkins, a key theorist of new media and media convergence draws on the theory that collective intelligence can be attributed to media convergence and par ...h provide an appropriate threshold of action". Their approach is rooted in Scientific [[Community]] [[Metaphor]].
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  • ...ment, improvement, intensification, and prolongation, although in strictly scientific usage acoustic authorities would question most of them. The main point to b #Titze, I. R. (2006).The Myoelatic Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation, Iowa City:National Center for Voice and Speech, 2006.
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  • ...y, and its mathematical description thus follows logically from Einstein's theory of gravity. ...resulted in the current "crisis in cosmology" which begs for the Big Bang theory to be replaced with another cosmological model.
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  • ...logy of Religion is concerned with the social aspects of religion, both in theory and in practice. Social [[structure]], the relationship between individual ...may very well become of more widespread interest to scholars of religion. Scientific investigators have used a [[SPECT]] scanner to analyze the brain activity o
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  • ...ally. If the empirical [[evidence]] does not fit the [[theory]], then that theory stands in need of revision. I will not [[discourse]] further on the methodo
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  • ...alified approval of some of the Greek teachings which had to do with the [[theory]] that the [[material]] [[things]] of the world are [[shadow]]y [[reflectio ...sclosed on the [[material]] level by [[critical]] [[observation]] and by [[scientific]] [[analysis]]; on the [[moral]] level, by human [[experience]]. The [[pres
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  • ...mechanisms]] for [[phenomena]], which could be discerned through careful [[scientific method]] and observation. Freud did not believe that there were any [[mysti ...es and perhaps even male relatives. But Freud later revised this seduction theory, positing that patients' fantasies of such sexual contact were sufficient t
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  • ...rs should note that theory for its own sake is not valued in Buddhism, but theory pursued in the interest of enlightenment for oneself or others is fully con ...through textual reference, differentiating this from the epistemology of [[scientific method|hard science]].
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  • ...physically, between the worlds which were undertaken as a part of their [[scientific]] discoveries and investigations, but by and large, the worlds tend to be i TOMAS: This [[theory]] has been broached before.
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  • '''Astronomy''' is the [[science|scientific study]] of [[celestial]] objects (such as [[star]]s, [[planet]]s, [[comet]] ===Scientific revolution===
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  • ...s were originally seen as a divine presence; as emissaries of the gods. As scientific knowledge improved, the human perception of the planets changed over time, As scientific knowledge progressed, understanding of the term "planet" changed from somet
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  • Chemistry is the scientific study of interaction of substances called [[chemical substance]]s [https:// ...y a thousand incidental discoveries, and by its method, which was the most scientific of all medieval operations."}} The most influential Muslim chemists were [[
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  • ...tality is an important feature of [[existentialism]] and terror management theory. Another common theory that is sometimes recognized is that people fear death because they do not
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  • ...been a topic of speculation and interest throughout recorded history. The scientific study of dreams is known as ''Oneirology''. ...f dreams as unconscious wishes to be interpreted. The activation synthesis theory asserts that the sensory experiences are fabricated by the cortex as a mean
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  • Not to be confused with [[informatics]] or [[information theory]]. Information science should not be confused with [[information theory]], the study of a particular mathematical concept of information, or with [
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  • ...s and actions can be determined from external causes; but free will is the theory that human choices and actions are determined by internal causes: that an i ...ee Are You?'' - The Determinism Problem gives the following summary of the theory of determinism:
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  • ...g else that was the original cause for the reinterpretation of needs. The theory of human motivation is very old, but there has been no accuracy as to what ...ific, social research that has been conducted to support this values-based theory of motivation. The proof of their validity is that they are self-evident,
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  • ...criptive); falsely presupposes that there are objective moral facts (error theory). Some thinkers hold that there is no correct definition of right [[behavio ..."group selection" actually occurs is a controversial topic in evolutionary theory). Some sociobiologists contend that the set of behaviors that constitute mo
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  • ...existence of "[[mirror cells]]" in [[primate]]s. This, however, is still a scientific question. What exactly is the definition of the word "language"? Most resea [[Philosophy]], [[history]], [[journalism]], and legal and scientific writings traditionally ranked as literature. They offer some of the oldest
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  • ...s fail across the board.". His work formulates what he calls an "integral theory of consciousness." He is a leading proponent of the integral movement and ...'Integral Psychology'' and wrote ''A Theory of Everything'' (2000). In ''A Theory of Everything'' Wilber attempts to bridge business, politics, science and s
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  • ...Goethe]], [[Kandinsky]], [[Isaac Newton]], have written their own [[colour theory]]. Moreover the use of language is only a generalisation for a colour equiv ...s learn to play [[musical instrument|instruments]], but also study [[music theory]], [[musicology]], [[history of music]] and [[musical composition|compositi
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  • ...ry "utopian socialism" while their own views as "scientific socialism" or "scientific communism".[9] [[Marxism]], the by far most important communist theory, was created by Karl Marx a Friedrich Engels around 1850. The philosopher L
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  • ...f [[speciation|new species]]. Stephen Gould, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, Belknap Press, ISBN 0-674-00613-5 . The similarities between organisms sug ...n) was made. This powerful explanatory and [[predictive power|predictive]] theory has become the central organizing principle of modern biology, providing a
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  • :, "... we have scientific knowledge when we know the cause..." and "... to know a thing's nature is t Aristotle's theory enumerates the possible causes which fall into several wide [[groups]], amo
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  • ...tatus and acceptance in ones' social group. According to terror management theory, self-esteem serves a protective function and reduces anxiety about life an <blockquote>“These findings suggest that the low-esteem theory is wrong. But none involves what social psychologists regard as the most co
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  • ...of study even though it was, in the early days, the subject of large scale scientific studies that produced reports described to follow.[1] Prior to August, 2008 ...y of study as any topic, and deserve case-by-case [[analysis]] using the [[scientific method]]. Debunkers include Philip Klass and Dr. Donald Menzel.
    46 KB (6,890 words) - 02:42, 13 December 2020
  • ...ugmenting [[knowledge]], resolving [[doubt]], or solving a [[problem]]. A theory of inquiry is an account of the various types of inquiry and a treatment of ...]], and Peirce himself to address problems about the nature and conduct of scientific reasoning. Borrowing a brace of concepts from [[Aristotle]], Peirce examin
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  • source in Stoic and Epicurean physical theory and materialist ontology. This scientific and religious texts; the ancient world bequeathed to the early Christian
    14 KB (2,281 words) - 13:47, 22 September 2009
  • ...said, the man [https://darwin-online.org.uk/contents.html#origin Darwin’s theory] was almost correct. And there being certain elements within the [[planet]] ...from the ape. The ape was a [[mutation]] of [[mankind]]. Also many of a [[scientific]] nature do not [[embrace]] the ‘[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watcher_%
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  • ...ay be able to address man's ''[[Spirituality|inner]]'' questions raised by scientific advancement. ...arity' and its subsequent physical expansion as postulated in the big bang theory. ''[https://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dp5/cosmo.htm Cosmology and t
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  • source in Stoic and Epicurean physical theory and materialist ontology. This scientific and religious texts; the ancient world bequeathed to the early Christian
    15 KB (2,380 words) - 22:29, 12 December 2020
  • ...[focus]] on [[superstition]] and [[dogma]] rather than on reason and the [[scientific method]]. Secularism draws its [[intellectual]] roots from Greek and Roman *Berger, Peter L. (1967) The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
    18 KB (2,599 words) - 02:32, 13 December 2020
  • ...n some form or another, by many cultures. Those who believe in the duality theory of evil believe that evil cannot exist without good, nor good without evil, ...disorder), is sometimes criticized as being, at the present time, no more scientific than calling a person "evil". There is much debate over this, however. Some
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  • From a scientific point of view, the products of creative thought (sometimes referred to as c ...in the production of a creative work (for example, a new work of art or a scientific hypothesis) that is both ''original'' and ''useful''.
    55 KB (7,689 words) - 23:45, 12 December 2020
  • ...z]]<ref> Leibniz on Space, Time, and Indiscernibles - Against the Absolute Theory -- Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [https://www.iep.utm.edu/l/leib-met. ...ime has been embraced by theorists of [[quantic space-time]] and [[systems theory]]. This view has also not been scientifically verified.
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  • the theory of Darwinism with the religion of a Creator of all life in the universe. I the pursuit of scientific knowledge men are presented with unknown factors affecting the
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  • ...sm]] the romantic might be considered an example of [[alienation]]. In his theory of [[mimesis|mimetic]] desire, [[Rene Girard]] attempts to make sense of su ...ms in a way that would parallel modern romance. Levi-Strauss pioneered the scientific study of the betrothal of cross cousins in such societies, as a way of solv
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  • ...hics and philosophical anthropology, and the reasons for relating literary theory to ethics and philosophical anthropology. Construing Schelling as an ideali ...sm. Bakhtin’s ‘ethics of answerability’ together with his work on literary theory can be understood as a solution to problems posed by Schelling’s philosop
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  • ...re at least 22 different theoretical orientations regarding the underlying theory of understanding of human mentation and human development. The various appr .... Breuer in 1893 of case reports of the treatment of hysteria. This first theory became untenable as an explanation of all incidents of hysteria. As a resul
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  • ...vaccine hypotheses are [[biologically]] implausible and lack convincing [[scientific]] [[evidence]].[7] The prevalence of autism is about 1–2 per 1,000 people ...symptoms, there is a lack of published rigorous [[data]] to support the [[theory]] that autistic children have more or different GI symptoms than usual;[40]
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  • ...atisfy the requirements of mind, while it is able to fill in the blanks in scientific understandable quantitative terms which brings peace of mind to these indiv ...aradigm of truth and reality as explored by those individuals. One by one, theory, knowledge and science have all been advanced by those individuals who were
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  • Not really. Not one that would perhaps satisfy the scientific mind, although they are approaching a certain, shall I say, minimal underst ...se when I was trained in counseling, the chairman of my committee had this theory which is that the thing that you do is to "interrupt, intervene and influen
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  • == Scientific perspective == There is a lack of consensus as to the appropriate scientific treatment of religious questions, such as those of the existence, [[nature]
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  • '''Academia''' is a collective term for the scientific and cultural community engaged in [[higher education]] and [[research]], ta ====Practice and theory====
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  • Say, you perform a scientific lab experiment, mixing certain [[Chemistry|chemical]] substances together. ...e female. The energies of yang and yin are present in your food; the whole theory of eastern macrobiotics–the science of nutrition--is based on that energy
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  • '''Idealism''' is any system or theory that maintains that the "real" is of the nature of thought or that the obje ...) reducing material objects to ideas in a mind or minds. Moreover, Plato's theory of the separation of soul and body could be seen as an earlier, rougher for
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  • [[James Lovelock]], with his "[[Gaia Theory]]" has paralleled the work of [[Vladimir Vernadsky]], who suggested the who # Doolittle, W. Ford (February, 2000). Uprooting the tree of life. Scientific American 282 (6): 90–95.
    12 KB (1,769 words) - 01:22, 13 December 2020
  • ...of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana.' Journal, South West Africa Scientific Society, v30, 1975-76.</ref> ...s dance studies (dance [[practice (learning method)|practice]], [[critical theory]], [[Musical analysis]] and [[history]]) began to be considered an [[academ
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  • ...n contradictory. Two diets with different approaches and some support from scientific research are the Paleolithic diet and Caloric restriction.[5][6][7][8] ...s from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radical_theory free radical theory of aging]. Other substances proposed to extend lifespan include oxytocin, i
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  • Filip And it deals with [[relativity]] and the [[quantum theory]] is this right? Teacher: Yes, you see, there are some persons who are of a purely [[scientific]] [[mind]]. There are those who are of a particularly [[spiritual]] [[mind]
    30 KB (5,006 words) - 22:59, 12 December 2020
  • ...y is an act which engenders new realities; it is the fulfilment of radical theory, the revolutionary act par excellence. ...ctive conditions of the worker, expressed by the Manifesto on the level of theory, made it possible for the most illiterate proletarian to understand Marx im
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  • The anthropologist [[Eric Wolf]] once described anthropology as "the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the [[sciences]]." Contempora ..., or eras. The ''[[social sciences]]'' have generally attempted to develop scientific methods to understand social phenomena in a generalizable way, though usual
    55 KB (7,711 words) - 23:45, 12 December 2020
  • ...[[plan]] is being again present in [[scientific]] [[minds]]. The natural [[scientific]] [[response]] to all the marvels of [[learning]] is to indeed marvel at th
    43 KB (7,407 words) - 22:59, 12 December 2020
  • ...se into the air, while as many cameras prove that it hasn't moved an inch. Scientific objectivity exposes mystification. Very good, but what does it show us? A c ...of leisure to drive the turbines of power, which the custodians of the old theory lubricate sanctimoniously with their purely formal opposition.
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  • ...'oikos'', "household"; and λόγος, ''logos'', "knowledge") is the [[science|scientific]] study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions betw ...quantification of [[biodiversity]] and population dynamics has provided a scientific basis for expressing the aims of [[environmentalism]] and evaluating its go
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  • ...n power; however, many scholars have questioned this view of Machiavelli's theory, arguing that "Machiavelli did not invent 'Machiavellism' and may not even ...Government]]''. In the ''First Treatise of Government'', Locke refutes the theory of the [[Divine Right of Kings]] as put forward by [[Robert Filmer]]; he "m
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  • ...ed: why the moose was indoors was not specified.(Tycho Brahe: A Picture of Scientific Life and Work in the Sixteenth Century) ...tretched to its limit, developed an infection which he later died of. This theory was supported by Kepler's first-hand account.
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  • ...[[nature]]. And it is this [[factual]] situation that gives rise to the [[theory]] of the [[struggle]] between the "higher" and the "lower" natures, between ...n those who [[practice]] this [[ideal]] least, admit that it is right in [[theory]].
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  • ...an] ''The Search for Who We Are'', published in 2006 as ''The Varieties of Scientific Experience: A Personal View of the Search for God'', ISBN 1-59420-107-2 ...s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Grunbaum Adolf Grunbaum] ''Psychoanalytic Theory and Science''
    16 KB (2,303 words) - 00:32, 13 December 2020
  • ...hen he thought about the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang big bang theory]" he thought this huge explosion was God's consciousness filling the univer ...vities than most of your [[scientists]] are aware. Many of you who are not scientific appreciate the effects of sunlight upon your [[nature]] in the depths of yo
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  • ...l languages form the backbone of modern study of the humanities, while the scientific study of language is known as [[linguistics]] and is a [[social science]]. ...s learn to play [[musical instrument|instruments]], but also study [[music theory]], [[musicology]], [[history of music]] and [[musical composition|compositi
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  • ...Would that work for you? (All right.) Now you mentioned the "empty vacuum theory;" we are going to probe a lot of questions before we answer your first ques ...ted that this was truly not the case, but it was still turned aside by the scientific community for many years after that.
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  • ==Early Scientific Views== ...ot delve into the religious literature but look more toward the objective, scientific approach to the study of states of consciousness in the West, which they ma
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  • '''Cosmogony''', or '''cosmogeny''', is any [[theory]] concerning the coming into existence or origin of the [[universe]], or ab ...iety of [[frame of reference|perspectives]] which include extrapolation of scientific theories to untested regimes and philosophical or religious ideas.
    57 KB (9,441 words) - 23:42, 12 December 2020
  • The scientific study of [[human]] [[evolution]] encompasses the development of the genus ' ...al bottleneck have been postulated, one of those is the [[Toba catastrophe theory]].
    56 KB (8,237 words) - 00:50, 13 December 2020
  • ...that individuals can be held morally accountable for their actions. In the scientific realm, it may imply that the actions of the body, including the brain and t ...on "ethical grounds," he did not believe that there was evidence for it on scientific grounds, nor did his own introspections support it. Moreover, he did not ac
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  • ...aterrestrial invasion. He was convinced that the ACIO should focus on this scientific pursuit. ...since Tuesday, nine hundred hours. If you search on the words, hypothesis, theory, supposal, or conjecture, you'll find only one context."
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  • ...e]]s the concept of magic is under pressure from, and in competition with, scientific and religious conceptual systems. This is particularly the case in the Chri ...ly [[Gerbert d'Aurillac]] and [[Albertus Magnus]]: both men were active in scientific research of their day as well as in ecclesiastical matters, which was enoug
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  • Uprooting the tree of life, Scientific American. ...ration of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the [[endosymbiotic theory|development of complex cells]] called [[eukaryotes]].[https://adsabs.harvar
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  • "Which is the [[theory]] of [[relativity]] again? They would not accept that, but yes. There are few of a [[scientific]] mind who would [[accept]] that, and acknowledge, yes.
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  • ::1908 E. S. ANDREWS Theory & Design of Structures i. 27 The work done per unit volume of a material in ...y processes. In O. P. John & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 553-575). New York: Guilford Press.
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