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..., and thus founded a [[rational theology]], which they designated "'Ilm-al-Kalam" (Science of the Word); and those professing it were called Motekallamin. T ...rits de la Bibliothèque Royale," viii. 349-351), and thus transplanted the Kalam gradually to Jewish soil, to undergo the same transformations there as amon

...rly Islamic thought two main currents may be distinguished. The first is [[Kalam]], that mainly dealt with theological questions, and the other is [[Islamic ===Kalam===

...oes]], like many important Muslims who wrote about God, was a writer on "[[Kalam]]". His school of [[Averroism]] had a significant influence on Christian th ...et)<ref>L. Gardet, '[https://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ei2/kalam.htm Ilm al-kalam]' in ''The Encyclopedia of Islam'', ed. P.J. Bearman et al (Leiden: Koninkl

...equently to the Mutazilite school of Al-Jubbai. He followed the Mutazilite Kalam, especially in this respect, that in the first two sections he discussed th

...panded the (western) rationalism in Islamic society. They also developed [[Kalam]] based on Greek [[dialectic]]. They ascended dramatically during 8th and [

...rvard University Press 1976 and [https://umcc.ais.org/~maftab/ip/pdf/bktxt/kalam.pdf]{{Dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> In [[Shia]] Islam, Ash'aris underst ...n Early Islam. Luzac & Co.: London 1948; Wolfson, Harry. The Philosophy of Kalam, Harvard University Press 1976 and [1][dead links]