Difference between revisions of "Commingle"

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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1612]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1612]
 
==Definition==
 
==Definition==
 
*1: to blend thoroughly into a [[harmonious]] [[the Whole|whole]]
 
*1: to blend thoroughly into a [[harmonious]] [[the Whole|whole]]
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In [[law]], '''commingling''' is a breach of [[trust]] in which a fiduciary mixes funds that he holds in the [[care]] of a client with his own funds, making it [[difficult]] to determine which funds belong to the fiduciary and which belong to the client. This raises particular concerns where the funds are [[invested]], and gains or losses from the investments must be allocated. In such circumstances, the law usually presumes that any gains run to the client and any losses run to the fiduciary who is [[guilty]] of commingling.
 
In [[law]], '''commingling''' is a breach of [[trust]] in which a fiduciary mixes funds that he holds in the [[care]] of a client with his own funds, making it [[difficult]] to determine which funds belong to the fiduciary and which belong to the client. This raises particular concerns where the funds are [[invested]], and gains or losses from the investments must be allocated. In such circumstances, the law usually presumes that any gains run to the client and any losses run to the fiduciary who is [[guilty]] of commingling.
  
''Commingling'' is particularly an issue in case of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy bankruptcy] of the fiduciary. Funds held in [[care]] are not the fiduciary's [[property]], and the client is not a creditor, so in case of bankruptcy, if the funds have been properly kept [[separate]], they can easily be returned to the client. If, however, the funds have been commingled, the client is potentially subject to [[becoming]] [[entangled]] in the bankruptcy proceedings, and there may not be sufficient funds to pay the client back.
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''Commingling'' is particularly an issue in case of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy bankruptcy] of the fiduciary. Funds held in [[care]] are not the fiduciary's [[property]], and the client is not a creditor, so in case of bankruptcy, if the funds have been properly kept [[separate]], they can easily be returned to the client. If, however, the funds have been commingled, the client is potentially subject to [[becoming]] [[entangled]] in the bankruptcy proceedings, and there may not be sufficient funds to pay the client back.
  
''Commingling'' is also [[evidence]] that may be used in "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piercing_the_corporate_veil piercing the corporate veil]" of a [[sham]] corporation, where a person shields himself from personal [[liability]] through "incorporation", yet fails to [[observe]] strict [[separation]] of corporate and personal [[property]] or accounts, among other improprieties.
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''Commingling'' is also [[evidence]] that may be used in "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piercing_the_corporate_veil piercing the corporate veil]" of a [[sham]] corporation, where a person shields himself from personal [[liability]] through "incorporation", yet fails to [[observe]] strict [[separation]] of corporate and personal [[property]] or accounts, among other improprieties.
  
In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_property community property] states of the [[United States]], "commingling" non-marital [[property]] with [[marital]] property can make it [[community]] property. For example, depositing [[money]] received by an individual through inheritance – ordinarily considered non-marital, [[individual]] property – into a joint bank account may [[transform]] the money into community property. Most community property states apply a presumption of community property; where there is any ''commingling'', the [[burden]] of [[proof]] is on the party disputing the [[classification]] to "trace" the property back to individual property, and demonstrate an [[intent]] to keep it [[separated]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commingle]
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In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_property community property] states of the [[United States]], "commingling" non-marital [[property]] with [[marital]] property can make it [[community]] property. For example, depositing [[money]] received by an individual through inheritance – ordinarily considered non-marital, [[individual]] property – into a joint bank account may [[transform]] the money into community property. Most community property states apply a presumption of community property; where there is any ''commingling'', the [[burden]] of [[proof]] is on the party disputing the [[classification]] to "trace" the property back to individual property, and demonstrate an [[intent]] to keep it [[separated]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commingle]
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 
*'''''[[Fraud]]'''''
 
*'''''[[Fraud]]'''''
 
*'''''[[12:7 The Part and the Whole|The Part and the Whole]]'''''
 
*'''''[[12:7 The Part and the Whole|The Part and the Whole]]'''''
 +
==Quote==
 +
To somehow [[transform]] the reality you have known since [[birth]] with the addition of another separate and higher reality, to ''commingle'' the two as one, is an arduous task. It does not come easily for those of your [[nature]]. It is as if living two realties, two lives, two different ways of life. Your [[choosing]] to more and more let go of your previous reality in [[favor]] of and as a result of choosing a higher more [[spiritual]] reality, this is a [[monumental]] task. This task is so monumental that it is often not even scratched the surface of in this existence.
  
 +
You are now torn between these two [[realities]]. [[Your soul]], your [[indwelling spirit]], desires that you adopt more fully this higher reality that you are now [[aware]] of. But your life and [[habits]] and those around you are all existent in this different reality. So therein lies your [[challenge]], which you will have for the rest of the time on [[this world]], to make [[peace]] with yourself over this apparent [[duality]] of realities. I am here to tell you that the more you try, the more you succeed, the easier it is to make the two into one, to apply the higher reality to the lower and more base elements of your [[life]]. In each aspect of the life you came to know since [[infancy]] you can enhance, you can increase, the [[spiritual]] nature of this reality at each [[step]]. This is your [[great challenge]]. - [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=1999-10-24-Truth,_Course_of_Study#Urantia.2C_Spirituality Lantarnek]
 
[[Category: Law]]
 
[[Category: Law]]

Latest revision as of 23:40, 12 December 2020

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Definition

Description

In law, commingling is a breach of trust in which a fiduciary mixes funds that he holds in the care of a client with his own funds, making it difficult to determine which funds belong to the fiduciary and which belong to the client. This raises particular concerns where the funds are invested, and gains or losses from the investments must be allocated. In such circumstances, the law usually presumes that any gains run to the client and any losses run to the fiduciary who is guilty of commingling.

Commingling is particularly an issue in case of bankruptcy of the fiduciary. Funds held in care are not the fiduciary's property, and the client is not a creditor, so in case of bankruptcy, if the funds have been properly kept separate, they can easily be returned to the client. If, however, the funds have been commingled, the client is potentially subject to becoming entangled in the bankruptcy proceedings, and there may not be sufficient funds to pay the client back.

Commingling is also evidence that may be used in "piercing the corporate veil" of a sham corporation, where a person shields himself from personal liability through "incorporation", yet fails to observe strict separation of corporate and personal property or accounts, among other improprieties.

In community property states of the United States, "commingling" non-marital property with marital property can make it community property. For example, depositing money received by an individual through inheritance – ordinarily considered non-marital, individual property – into a joint bank account may transform the money into community property. Most community property states apply a presumption of community property; where there is any commingling, the burden of proof is on the party disputing the classification to "trace" the property back to individual property, and demonstrate an intent to keep it separated.[1]

See also

Quote

To somehow transform the reality you have known since birth with the addition of another separate and higher reality, to commingle the two as one, is an arduous task. It does not come easily for those of your nature. It is as if living two realties, two lives, two different ways of life. Your choosing to more and more let go of your previous reality in favor of and as a result of choosing a higher more spiritual reality, this is a monumental task. This task is so monumental that it is often not even scratched the surface of in this existence.

You are now torn between these two realities. Your soul, your indwelling spirit, desires that you adopt more fully this higher reality that you are now aware of. But your life and habits and those around you are all existent in this different reality. So therein lies your challenge, which you will have for the rest of the time on this world, to make peace with yourself over this apparent duality of realities. I am here to tell you that the more you try, the more you succeed, the easier it is to make the two into one, to apply the higher reality to the lower and more base elements of your life. In each aspect of the life you came to know since infancy you can enhance, you can increase, the spiritual nature of this reality at each step. This is your great challenge. - Lantarnek